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QUESTIOIS 

DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF PUPILS 

ENGAGED IN THE STUDY OF 

LYMAN'S CHART 

OF 

UIIVERSAL HISTOEY; 

WITH 

A KEY 

TO THE NAMES MENTIONED ON THE GHAUT, 



A LIST or GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES OF ANCIENT AND MIDDLE 

HISTORY, WITH THEIR CORRESPONDING 

MODERN NAMES. 



i-V 



M- V 



4 V..'i^> t**-v 



PHILADELPHIA: 
JAS. H. DOUGHTY & CO. 

Stereotyped hy Jos. C. T). Chrisfman J^ Co. 

1845. 



Entered according fo Act of Congress, in the year 1845, by 

A. S. LYMAN, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Eastern District 

of Pennsylvania. 



O 3 2-^ 






%" 



EXPLANATIONS OF THE CHART. 



All, with some rare exceptions, who attempt to obtain a clear 
and correct knowledge of history, meet with one insurmounta- 
ble obstruction. Although they may, by considerable labor, be 
able to remember a few abstract dates, yet, the vast and mighty 
range of history they cannot arrange or comprehend. It was to 
make this an easy task, as well as for a map of reference, that this 
chart was constructed. It represents the stream of time flowing 
seven inches every century : the different colored streams flow- 
ing parallel represent different cotemporary nations. When a 
nation begins, the stream begins; when one nation conquers 
another, the stream sweeps around, blots it out, and moves on 
wider than before. The events are written down in the stream 
just where they took place; those more prominent in larger 
type, those less prominent in smaller type. The dates in the 
border, at the top of each division, represent the time before and 
after the Christian era. The small dates before each event, are 
taken together with those at the top between that event and the 
Christian era: for example, " 700" at the top, and " 76" before 
the event reads 776, B. C, Epoch of the Olympiads: 753 
Rome founded : 476 A. D., fall of the Westero Empire: 1453 
Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Empire, falls, &c. 

DIVISIONS OF HISTORY. 

The chart is naturally arranged in divisions of 500 years 
each. These divisions are separated by some prominent cha- 
racter or event. Beginning 2000 B. C. Abraham ; 1500 Moses ; 
1000 Solomon; near 500 Daniel and the beginning of the Ro- 
man Republic; A. D. Christ; A. D. 500 Fall of the Western 
Empire and beginning of Middle Ages ; 1000 Central period 
of the Middle Ages ; 1500 Reformation. 

For the sake of convenience in reference, the history of the 
ancient and some of the modern nations is divided into periods ; 

7 



8 



EXPLANATIONS OF THE CHART. 



each period distinguished by a name indicative of its character. 
This name written in italics is placed near the beginning of the 
period; for example, see the history of Greece, 1st period. 
Fabulous, 2d Heroic, 3d Revolutionary, ^c. 

DEFINITIONS OF SIGNS USED ON THE CHART. 

^^ Battle. 



- - - - Sea fight. 
Ph. ----- Philosopher. 
Po. Poet. 

hist. ----- Historian. 

math. ----- Mathematician. 

ast. ----- Astronomer. 

Or. Orator. 

div. ----- Divine. 

J. ----- Judge. 

W. War with. 

k. ----- King. 

d. Died. 

a. _ - - . _ Aged. 

Proper names, with no mark affixed to them, are names of 
sovereigns. 

Small figures, enclosed in parenthesis thus, (65000,) represent 
the census. In the history of Rome, the census included only 
Roman citizens. 

Small figures directly under the dates in the border, represent 
the year of the world ; for example, see on the chart under A. D.; 
"4000;" that is 4000 A. M. 



METHOD 

OF TEACHING HISTORY FROM THE CHART. 



1. Let the class read over the names that occur in Ancient 
History, several times, in the presence of the teacher, pro- 
nouncing them correctly, according to the punctuation. 

These names are arranged alphabetically, beginning on 
page 89.* 

2. Let the teacher explain the Chart to the class, in such a 
manner as to make every pupil perfectly acquainted with its 
use. This may be done in few words. (See explanations of 
the Chart.) 

3. Let the teacher intelligibly demonstrate to the pupils the 
manner in which the Chart assists the memory, by bringing to 
its aid the associating pri7icipk of ike mind. It should also be 
distinctly understood, by way of illustration, that the pupil should 
endeavor, not so much to remember dates and events arhitrarily, 
as to remember the relative position and connexion of the 
figures, names and narrations on the Chart, and in this way to 
enable himself to bring up the Chart before his " mind's eye," 

* Let not the young pupil be discouraged by so formidable an array 
of hard names and difficult questions. He will find, that a youth of 
twelve years of age, with ordinary intellect, by one or two hours' 
study a day, will, in three or four months, be able to answer cor- 
rectly the twenty-three hundred questions here asked, and to give a 
brief account of at least one thousand of the persons mentioned on 
the chart, — that is, to tell the station which each one of them occu- 
pied, and the general condition of the world at the time in which each 
one of them lived. This is more than can be learned in as many 
years by any other course of historical study. 

9 



10 METHOD OF TEACHING, &C. 

and see the events of History in all their bearings, just as in 
the study of Geography, he remembers the boundaries and 
other incidents pertaining to different countries, as laid down 
on the maps. 

4. It would be well thoroughly to review, at every fifth or 
sixth lesson, the ground previously gone over on the Chart, 
and, as far as possible, to accompany a preparation for the 
review, with reading historical works on the period under 
examination. 

5. As soon as the class can readily answer the questions, 
let them give the history of each country, in order, from the 
deluge to the present day. To do this well, it will require 
several recitations. By following these directions, as well as 
others which will suggest themselves to the intelligent teacher 
and the attentive pupil, the student of History, when he takes 
up any period in its annals, or hears its facts or its characters 
referred to, will feel himself at home, — will enter immediately 
into the spirit of the age, — will see the bearing and appreciate 
the force of every remark, and, in a word, will become a correct 
universal historian. 

If the student should think it best to pursue the study of 
history still further in school, it may be taken up either in 
ethonographical, or in chronological order; that is, either by 
separate nations, or cotemporaneously, — and books of history 
may be read, and facts mentioned on the Chart, enlarged upon. 
The recitations should then be conducted without questions, and 
the students be required to give short lectures upon History ; 
each, in succession, taking up the story where the last left 
off, and, in a short time, whole classes will be able to speak 
upon the subject of History with an accuracy and a facility 
astonishing to those who are not acquainted with the manner 
in which the knowledge has been acquired. Able and experi- 
enced teachers, as well as pupils, have testified, that by pur- 
suing the foregoing method, more History can be learned in 
one month, than in one year by any other course without the 
aid of the Chart. 



ClUESTIONS 



THE CHART. 



First or Antediliwlan Division ; 

Extends from 4000 B. C. to 2348 B. C, or from the Creation 

to the Deluge. 

The only authentic history we have of times anterior to the dehige 
is found in the sacred writings. (See the first six chapters of Genesis.) 
As during this period of 1756 years we have no mention of different 
nations, and but very Httle history, it is thought best to give it but a 
shght representation on the chart. 

How directly could Adam's story have been handed down to 
Shem? 

To Abraham if the received system of chronology be correct 1 

Second Division^ or Division of Dispersion and 
Relapse; 

Extends from 2348 B. C. to 2000 B. C, or from the flood to 
the birth of Abraham. 

1. What is the date of the flood T 

2. What remarkable occurrence 101 years after tlie flood ? 

3. Where was this tower erected ? 

4. For what w^as it first built, and for what was it afterwards 
used 1 

5. What did Calisthenes find here? 

6. Where was BABYLON founded — when and by whomi 

7. Give- the particulars of the founding of Nineveh. 

8. After the time of Nimrod and Ashur, what can you say of 
their monarchies ] 

9. W^hat is said of the story of Semiramis 1 

10. Wlien and by whom was the monarchy of EGYPT 
founded ] 

11 



12 EGYPT, CHINA, JEWS. 

[Between 2000 B. C. and 1500 B. C] 

11. What kingdom founded soon after in South Egypt I 

12. What dynasty next established in northern or lower Egypt"? 

13. By whom and about how long after the foundation of the 
monarchy by Menes] 

14. What is said of the CHINESE monarchy? 

Third Division^ or Division of the Patriarchs^ and 
of Egyptian bondage ; 

Extends from 2000 B. C. to 1500 B. C, or from the birth of 
Abraham to Moses. 

1. What is the state of our knowledge of history from this 
period until the establishment of the epochs from which the 
ancients reckoned time? 

2. What four nations are represented during this division % 

3. W^hat great event took place 1921 B. C. ? 

4. What took place the next year 1 

5. What took place eight years after Abraham and Lot 
separated ? 

6. W^hat son had Abraham two years after this, and what 
nation is descended from him ? 

7. What took place when the lad was 19 years of age T 

8. Date of Abraham's birth ] 

9. Of Isaac's birth ? 

10. How old was Abraham at Isaac's birth ? 

11. What two remarkable events took place the year before 
Isaac's birth 1 

12. Name of Abraham's first wife? 

13. Whom did he marry six years after her death? 

14. Name of Isaac's wife? 

15. What is the first period of Jewish history called ? 

16. What is said of Jacob, the son of Isaac? 

17. What of Joseph, one of the twelve sons of Jacob? 

18. When did Jacob and his famil}' enter Egypt? 

19. What period of Jewish history began with this event? 

20. What tv/o noted characters were born about 130 years after 
this event. 

21. What is said of Moses, 1531 B. C? 

22. How was EGYPT divided at the beginning of this period ? 

23. What took place in Egypt about the time of Abraham's 
death ? 

24. When did the seven years of famine begin ? 



ASSYRIA, PHCENICIA, GREECE, ASIA MINOR, JEWS. 13 

[Between 2C00 B. C. and 1000 B. C] 

25. What took place the next year 1 

26. By what name were the kings of E^ypt called in Scripture 1 

27. What king began to reign 1577 B. C, and wliat is said 
of him] 

28. What is the state of ASSYRIAN history during this 
period 1 

29. What city is first founded in PHCENICIA— when and by 
whom? 

30. What is said of GREEC E prior to the foundation of Alhens 1 

31. When and by whom is Athens supposed to have been 
founded 1 

32. What deluge soon after in Greece? 

33. What city founded in ASIA MINOR— when and by 

whom 1 

Fourth Division, or Division of the Judges ; 

Extends from Moses to Solomon, or from 1000 B. C. to 1500 
B.C. 

1. What nations are represented during this division? 

2. Concerning which of them have we the most certain 
knowledge? 

3. What is the first event mentioned in the history of the 
JEWS after 1500 B. C, and date? 

4. What other great events followed in their history the same 
year ? 

5. W^hat period commences here, and how long docs it last ? 

6. When does Aaron die, and who succeeds him ? 

7. When does Moses die, and who succeeds him ? 

8. What other great event followed the same year? 

9. What took place after four years of war ? 

10. After the death of Joshua how is Israel governed ? 

11. What is the period of their history called from this time 
onward, about 150 years? 

12. What took place 1113 B. C. ? 

13. Who delivered them, and when? 

14. How long does Othniel judge ? 

15. Into whose hands are they next delivered ? 
10. When they repent, by whom are they freed ? 

17. What hero performs great exploits soon after this? 

18. Into whose hands, and for what, are they soon after 
delivered ? 

B 



14 JEWS, GREECE. 

[Between 1000 B. C and 1500 B. C] 

19. What took place 1285 B. C ? 

20. Into whose hands are they next delivered 1 

21. Who frees them 1 

22. Who soon after causes himself to be elected kingl 

23. What follows 1 

24. Who next judges Israel, and how long? 

25. Who succeeds Tola, and how long does he judge 1 

26. What took place 1205 B. C. 1 

27. Who next judges Israel, and what is said of him? 

28. Who succeeds Jephthah as judge? 

29. Who succeeds Ibzan ? 

30. Who succeeds Abdoii? 

31. When does he begin to judge, and how long does he reign ? 

32. How long was this after Cecrops founded Athens? 

33. How long before David began his reign ? 

34. What is said of the Israelites soon after he begins to reign? 

35. What noted character follows, and how long does he judge ? 

36. What is further said of him ? 

*37. Who next becomes celebrated in Israel, and how long does 
he judge? 

38. What took place 1116 B. C, after Eli had judged forty 
years ? 

39. By whom are they persuaded to repent, 1096 B. C, and 
what follows ? 

40. Who was the first king of Israel ? 

41. When and by whom was he anointed? 

42. What period begins here? 

43. For what is Saul rejected 1063 B. C. ? 

44. What other events are noticed during this and the next 
year? 

45. What battle 1055 B. C. and result? 

46. When does David begin to reign in Judah, and who reigns 
seven years in Israel ? 

47. What city does David capture soon after ? 

48. What nations does he subdue 1043 B. C. ? 

49. Which of his sons revolted 1023 B. C, and by whom is 
he slain ? 

50. Name the first city founded in GREECE after the begin- 
ning of this period, by whom and when? 

51. What else is said of Cadmus? 

52. What othercity founded about the same time, and by whom ? 

*It will be noticed that Eli, Samson, and Samuel, were all judging 
at the same time in different parts of Israel. 



GREECE, EGYPT, ASIA MINOR, JeWS. 15 

[Between 1000 B. C. and 500 B. C] 

53. What four cities have been named that were founded in 
the lifetime of Moses? 

5-1. Who is supposed to have been king of Athens about 
1500 B. C? 

55. What is the first period of Grecian history called ? 

5G. What took place in Greece about 1300 B. C? 

57. What were the exercises practised at these ^mes 1 

58. In what did the Greeks engage, about 1200 D. C? 

59. What is said of this war"? 

60. What period of Grecian history begins herel 

61. Date of the fall of Troy? 

62. What led the Greeks to engage in this warl 

63. How was Troy taken 1 

64. Who was reigning in Israel at this time "? 

65. What took place in Greece while Saul was king of Israel 1 

66. What took place in EGYPT soon after the beginning of 
this period ] 

67. What period of Egyptian history begins hero, and wliat is 
said of if? 

68. Wliat is said of the reign of Sesostris ] 

69. What is the first period of the history of ASIA MINOR 
called 1 

70. Name some of the kings of Troy 1 

71. After the destruction of Troy, what is the next period of 
the history of Asia Minor called 1 

Fifth Division, or Division of the Assyrian Empire; 

Extends from Solomon to Daniel, and the beginning of the Roman 
Republic, or from 1000 B. C. to 500 B. C. 

1. What nations are represented at the beginning of this 
division 1 

2. Who is king of the JEWS at this timel 

3. When did Solomon begin to reign] 

4. For what was he celebrated, and what was the character 
of his reign 1 

5. W^hut noted building was erected by him ] 

6. Date of its dedication 1 

7. What did Solomon afterwards do 1 

8. What influence did his heathen wives have over him ? 

9. What can yoii say of Rehoboam, the successor of Solomon 1 

10. What is the date of the separation of Judah and Israel? 

11. Who was the first kinof of the ten tribes of Israel? 



16 JEWS. 

[Between 1000 B. C. and 500 B. C] 
13. What did he do to prevent his subjects from going to 
Jerusalem to worship ] 

13. "Who was king in Egypt at this time, and what is said of 
him 1 

14. Who succeeded Rehoboam in Judah, and what is said of 
him"? 

15. Who succeeds Abijah, and wliat is said of his character 
and his reign? 

IG. What is said of him 941 B. C. 1 

17. Who succeeded Jeroboam in Israel? 

18. W^hat is said of him 1 

19. Who succeeded Nadab 1 

20. What is said of him 1 

21. Who succeeds Baasha? 

22. Who succeeds Elah ? 

23. Who succeeds Zimri 1 

24. Who succeeds Omri 1 

25. For what were they noted T 

26. Who was king in Syria at this time, and what is said of him 1 

27. What great prophet flourished during the reign of Ahab 
and Jezebel 1 

28. About what time is this 1 

29. What king reigned in Judah at this time, and what is said 
of himl 

30. W^ho succeeds Jehoshaphat, and what is said of him? 

31. By whom was Jerusalem plundered during his reign? 

32. Who succeeds Jehoram ? 

33. By whose councils was he directed? 

34. Who succeeds Ahaziah ? 

35. What did she attempt? 

36. Who succeeds her, and what is said of him? 

37. Who succeeds Joash as king of Judah? 

38. Give the principal events in his history. 

39. Who succeeds Amaziah, and about what time ? 

40. How did he reign, and whom did he defeat? 

41. What is said of him, 761 B. C? 

42. Who succeeds Ahab and Jezebel in Israel, and about what 
time ? 

43. Who succeeds Ahaziah, and what was his character ? 

44. Who succeeds Jehoram, and what is said of him? 

45. When was Elijah translated ? 

46. Who succeeded him in the prophetic office? 

47. Who succeeded Jehu, and what is said of him? 

48. Who succeeded Jehoahaz, and what is said of him? 



JEWS. 17 

[Between 1000 B. C. 500 B. C] 

49. Who succeeded Joash or Jehoash in Israel, and what is 
said of him ? 

50. What great prophet flourished under his reign and what 
time was this 1 

51. What was the state of the government of Israel during 
the twelve years succeeding Jeroboam II. 1 

52. What was the end of Zechariah king of Israel? 

53. Wliat was the end of Shallam? 

54. What was the character of Menahem 1 

55. What was the end of Pekaiali his successor 1 

56. What took place under Pekah 747 B. C. 1 

57. With whom does Pekah war, and with what success 1 

58. By whom was he slain T 

59. What followed during the next nine yearS? 

60. Who succeeded and what is said of him 1 

61. Wliat should you conclude was the character of the 
Israelites after the time of Jonah ] 

*62. What took place soon after Hosea came upon the throne, 
and what is the date of this event! 

63. Who succeeded Uzziah or Azariah in Judahl 

64. What is said of his character and his reign 1 

65. Who succeeded Jotham, and what is said of liiml 

66. Who succeeded Ahaz 1 

67. What was his character, and what is said of him 1 

68. By whom was Jerusalem besieged during his reign, and 
what was the result? 

69. What great prophet flourished during his reign? 

70. About how long was it from his first vision to his last 
prediction? 

71. Who succeeded Hezekiah, and what is said of him? 

72. What is said of the prosperity of the kingdom from the 
time of Manasseh ? 

73. Who succeeded Manasseh, and what was his character ? 

74. Who succeeded Amon, and what is said of him? 

75. Who succeeded Josiah, and where was he carried captive ? 

76. Who succeeded Jehoahaz ? 

77. What took place during his reign ? 

78. What was the date of the capture of Jerusalem by Nebu- 
chadnezzar ? 

79. What two great prophets flourished about this time? 

80. How long after the capture of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnez- 
zar before Cyrus issues his decree restoring the Jews ? 

* From this captivity the Israelites never returned. 
b2 



18 JEWS, ASSYRIA. 

[Between 1000 B. C. and 500 B. C] 
81 What is this period of 70 years called 1 

82. What followed when Zedekiah rebelled 590 years B. C.I 

83. What took place 588 B. C? 

84. Wliat great prophet flourished during this captivity 1 

85. What took place 536 B. C? 

86. What took place 521 B. CA 

87. What took place the next year "? 

88. What took place 515 B. C. T 

89. What is still the state of ASSYRIAN history, during the 
first 250 years of this division] 

90. About how many years of Assyrian history are considered 
fabulous 1 

91. Who began to reign about 771 B. C. 1 

92. Relate the particulars of the revolt and division of the 
empire under his reign? 

93. Date of this division"? 

94. Who reigned in Media 1 

95. Who in Babylon 1 

96. What noted era here, and who dated from hi 

97. What period of Babylonian history begins here? 

98. What can you say of this period 1 

99. What period of the history of Nineveh begins here ? 

100. Who reigns in Nineveh? 

101. What kingdom did he overthrow 741 B. C? 

102. What power did he subdue the next year? 

103. Who succeeds Tiglath Pileser? 

104. Whom did he carry captive and when? 

105. W^ho succeeded Shalmanezer ? 

106. What attempt did he make upon Jerusalem, and with what 
success ? 

107. Who succeeded Sennecherib as king of Nineveh? 

108. W^hat did he accomplish 681 B. C? 

109. W^hat did he do four years after? 

110. Wliat period of Assyrian history commences with the 
union of Nineveh and Babylon ? 

111. Who succeeds Esarhaddon? 

112. Who is he supposed by some to be? 

113. What is said of this, and the following reign? 

114. Who succeeds Chyniladan, or Sarac, and what took place 
at his accession ? 

1 15. What does he do soon after? 

116. What conquest did his son Nebuchadnezzar make, the 
year before he came upon the throne ? 



ASSYRIA, MEDIA, PERSIA. 19 

[Between 1000 B. C. and 500 B. C] 

117. When was Nineveh destroyed, and by whoml 

118. When did he destroy Jerusalem 1 

119. What city did he take 572 B. C, and after how long a 
siege ] 

120. What further conquest did he make this year ? 

121. What is said of him 570 B. C.I 

122. What the next year? 

123. What took place 562 B. C. ? 

124. What great prophet flourished during his reign, and that 
of his successors ? 

125. What was the end of Evilmerodach, the successor of 
Nebuchadnezzar 1 

126. Who succeeded him, and what was his end 1 

127. Who was the successor of Neriglissar, and the last of the 
kings of Babylon 1 

128. When, and by whom, was Babylon taken? 

129. Who was chosen king of MEDIA 710 B. C. ? 

130. Who was at this time king of Nineveh 1 

131. Who was king of Judah ] 

132. W^hat great prophet in Judah 1 

133. WHiat remarkable event took place in the history of Judah 
the same year that Dejoces came upon the throne of Medial 

134. What was the end of Dejoces after he had reigned 54 
years'? 

135. Who succeeded him? 

136. Who succeeds Phraortes, and what is said of him 

137. What did he do the same year that Nebuchadnezzar took 
Jerusalem 1 

138. By whom is he succeeded 595 B. C. 1 

139. W' ho succeeds Astyages T 

140. Who is the first king here mentioned in PERSIA? 

141. W'hat was the condition of the Persians previous to the 
time of Cambyses? 

142. What were they called in very early times 1 

143. Who was Cyrus '? 

144. What appointment did he receive, and by whom? 

145. Did this appointment effect a union of these two powers? 

146. What battle 548 B. C, and what was the result? 

147. What power is here subdued ? 

148. When did Cyrus take Babylon, and after how long a 
siege ? 

149. What two powers have now fallen under the Medo 



20 PERSIA, GREECE. 

[Between 1000 B. C. and 500 B. C] 

150. When was Cyrus made king? 

151. What decree did Cyrus issue in favor of the Jews? 

152. Who succeeds Cyrus as king, and what is his character? 

153. W^hat nation subdued by Canibyses? 

154. What three powers now subdued by the Medo Persians ? 

155. Who succeeds Cambyses ? 

156. Who succeeds Smerdis? 

157. What decree did he issue the same year that he came 
upon the throne? 

158. What city revolts 1017 B. C? 

159. What followed the next year? 

IGO. Against whom did Darius go 514 B. C, and what fol- 
lowed ? 

IGl. What council noticed in GREECE, at the beginning of 

tliis division ? 
1G2. By whom is it supposed to have been instituted? 

163. What does it now become? 

164. What is further said of it? 

165. What two noted characters in Greece at the same time 
that Elijah was in Israel? 

166. About what time did Homer and Hesiod flourish? 

167. W^hat great character commenced a revolution in Greece 
the same year that Jehu came upon the throne of Israel ? 

168. Date of Lycurgus' reform? 

169. What is said of him? 

170. What period of Grecian history begins with him? 

171. What period begins at his death? 

172. What epoch in the next century? 

173. What is its date, and what is said of it? 

174. What other era has been mentioned in this century, and at 
what date ? 

175. What change soon after in the government of Athens? 

176. What war soon after in Greece, and how did it end? 

177. What was the third change in the government of 
Athens? 

178. What war about the same time in Greece? 

179. Who were at first victorious ? 

180. How did the war finally end? 

181. What lawgiver appeared in Athens 624 B. C, and what is 
his code styled ? 

182. What nations are at this time represented on the chart? 

183. What lawgiver soon after in Athens ? 

184. Date of his code, and what title did it gain for him ? 



GREECE, ROME, EGYPT. 21 

[Between 1000 B. C. and 500 B. C] 

185. Mention some of the poets and philosophers that flourished 
about this time in Greece. 

186. Of what sect was Thales the founder T 

187. Who usurped the government of Athens soon after "? 

188. What is said of his reign 1 

189. What new exhibitions and improvements in Greece during 
his time 1 

190. What great change in the world's history during his 
reign 1 

191. Who succeeded him in the government of Athens'? 

192. What was the fate of eachT 

193. What noted philosopher about this time in Greece? 

194. What is the date of the foundation of ROME? 
This is the era from which the Romans reckoned time. 

195. What other great epochs, or eras, have been mentioned in 
this century, and what is the date of each T 

196. Who is said to have founded Rome, and what is related 
of him I 

197. Who succeeded Romulus, and what is said of him? 

198. Who succeeded Numa, and what was his character? 

199. What noted combat took place in his reign? 

200. W^ho succeeds TuUus Hostilius, and what is his character? 

201. W^ho succeeds Ancus Martius, and what is said of him? 

202. Who succeeds Tarquin the Elder, and what is said of 
him ? 

203. Who succeeds ServiusTullus, and what is his character? 

204. What took place 509 B. C? 

205. Who were chosen consuls ? 

206. What is said of the story of Rome, under the kings ? 

207. Who began to reign in EGYPT, about 978 B. C. ? 

208. What conquest did he make in the time of Rehoboam, the 
successor of Solomon ? 

209. When are the first three pyramids supposed to have been 
built? 

210. What took place in Egypt 670 B. C. ? 

211. Who began to reign 616 B. C? 

212. Who succeeded Pharaoh Necho in Egypt? 

213. Mention some characters that were cotemporary with 
Apries. 

214. What took place in Egypt 672 B. C? 

215. What did Amasis soon after do? 

216. When, and by whom, was Egypt subdued? 



22 TYRE, LYDIA, EGYPT, PERSIA. 

[Between 1000 B. C. and the Christian Era.] 

217. What is said of Hiram, king of TYRE, in the time of 
Solomon'? 

218. Who succeeded Hiram as king of Tyrel 

219. Who reigned in Tyre cotemj)orary with Lycurgus ? 

220. What took place during his reign 1 

221. Date. of the foundation of Carthage] 

222. What is said of the Tyrians hetween GOO and 700 B.C? 

223. A\'hen was Tyre taken, and by whom? 

224. Mention some of the kings of Lvdia, previous to the year 
GOO B.C.] 

225. What great philosopher and fabulist in LYDIA soon 
after ? 

22G. Who was king of Lydia, when it was subdued by Cyrus ? 
227. What is said of Croesus' court] 

Sixth Division^ or Division of the Macedonian 

Empire; 

Extends from 500 B. C. to A. D., or from near the time of 
Daniel, and the foundation of the Roman republic, to the Chris- 
tian era. 

1. What nations are represented at the beginning of this 
division] 

2. Which are the two most powerful, at this time] 

3. Who was reigning in PERSIA] 

4. Who had, a short time before, governed Athens in 

GREECE] 

5. Where do we next hear of Hippias, 500 B. C. ] 

G. What effect did his favorable reception by Darius have 
upon the Atheniar>s ] 

7. What did they do] 
. What did Darius undertake, 494 B. C.] 

9. With what battle was this expedition terminated, and what 
was the result of that battle, 490 B. C. ] 

This halik begins what is called ike PERSIAN WAR. 

10. Who succeeds Darius on the Persian throne, and when] 

11. What did he undertake, after three years spent in prepa- 
ration ] 

12. What is said of the size of his army] 

13. What aid did he receive from Carthage] 

14. Where, and by whom, was he first opposed, 480 B. C. ] 

15. What seafight soon after, and result] 



GREECE, PERSIA. 23 

[Between 500 B, C. and the Christan Era.] 

16. "What period of Grecian history begins about this time ? 

17. What did Xerxes do, after this failure ? 

18. What is said of the state of the Persian empire from this 
tim-el 

19. W^hat battle followed 479, and result] 

20. W^hat sea fight on the same day, and result 1 

21. Who now became the aggressors, and how? 

22. By whom were the Persians again defeated, 470 B. C? 

23. What great character from this time ruled Athens, and 
how long'? 

24. How did the third war between the Spartans and Messeni- 
ans end 1 

25. W'hat two poets flourished in Greece, during the time of 
the Persian war? 

26. What poet and philosopher, just previous to this war 1 

27. What great historian soon after this war? 

28. W^ho succeeded Xerxes, as king of Persia ? 

29. W^ho succeeded Artabanus 1 

30. By what other name is Artaxerxes called ? 

31. What did he do 456, B. C? 

-32. What decree did Haman procure 451 B. C? 

33. What followed] 

34. Who succeeded Artaxerxes, the Longhanded, and about 
what time] 

35. Who succeeded Xerxes II. 1 

36. Who succeeded Sogdianus ] 

37. What was the character of Darius Nothus? 

38. By whom was he governed ] 

39. In what war did he take part? 

40. W^hom did his generals favor] 

41. What province revolts from the Persians, 414 B. C. ] 

42. By whom are they aided, and what the result ] 

43. What took place 363 B. C. ] 

44. What is the condition of New Tyre, under the Persians] 

45. Who succeeded Darius Nothus] 

46. What event happened soon after ] 

47. What battle followed, and result] 

48. W^hat famous retreat followed, and by whom is it de- 
scribed ] 

49. What is the stale of the empire, from the time of Darius 
Nothus ] 

50. Who was king at the time of the destruction of the em- 
pire by Alexander ] 



24 GREECE, PERSIA. 

[Between 500 B. C and the Christian Era.] 

51. What period of Grecian history begins 431 B. C.] 

52. What war begins at this time, in Greece 1 

53. W^hat cities took the lead in this war, and how long did it 
continue ■? 

5 i. W^hat do we find the next year after the war begins 1 

55. What battle 405 B. C, and result"? 

56. How was this war ended, 404 B. CI 

57. What great moralist and philosopher flourished during this 
war 1 

58. When was he put to death 1 

59. After the thirty tyrants that were placed over Athens by 
Sparta, had ruled one year, what took place) 

60. What war began in Greece nine years after the clofee of 
the Peloponnesian war 1 

CI. How were the states of Greece divided'? 

62. What battle next year, and result ? 

63. What peace followed, 387 B. C. ? 

64. What celebrated historian died, in the time of this war! 

65. What noted physician flourished soon after Thucydides ? 

66. What philosopher at the same time ] 

67. What noted historian soon after 1 

68. What great philosopher at the same time with Xenophon } 

69. What battle 371 B. C, and result ? 

70. What battle eight years after, and result 1 

71. What war began soon after, in Greece 1 

This war was excited by an attempt of the Phocians to plunder the 
Teniple of Delphos. The Thebans soon after solicited the aid of 
Philip of Macedonia, which brought him in contact with the Grecian 

states. 

72. What war began 339 B. C. 1 

73. What advisers had the Athenians, and whose council 
did they follow? 

74. What battle, and result? 

75. What philosophers flourished at this time? 

76. Who succeeded Philip in Macedonia, and when 1 

77. What did Alexander do the next year, 335 B. C.I 

78. What invasion does he commence 334 B. C. 1 

79. What was his first battle after he crossed the Hellespont 
into the Persian dominions, and result? 

80. What great battle next year, and result? 

81. What is said of Egypt the next year? 

82. W^hatofTyre? 

83. What great battle 330 B. C, and result? 



ASSYRIA, EGYTT. 25 

[Between 500 B. C. and the Christian Era.] 

84. Whom did Alexander defeat two years after this? 

85. Where and when did Alexander die, and at what age? 

86. Give some account of the scenes that took place between 
his death, and the final division of the empire among four of 
his principal generals. 

87. W^hat were the names of these divisions'? 

88. Who had Macedonia? 

89. Who had Egypt ? 

90. Who had Syria and the east ? 

91. Who had Thrace and Bilhynia? 

92. By whom was Athens taken in 398 B. C. ? 

93. How was the Achaean League formed ? 

94. What two philosophers at this time, in Greece? 

95. W^ho ravaged Greece about this time? 

96. What chronological tables composed about this time? 

97. What chronology is founded upon them? 

98. By whom was the Achaean League renewed ? 

99. About what time did Sparta join the League? 

100. What noted character at this time generalissimo of the 
League ? 

101. What is said of him? 

102. By whom were the Greeks finally subdued, 146 B. C. ? 

103. Wliat noted geometrician in EGYPT, about 300 B. C. ? 

104. What famous library founded by Ptolemy Lagus ? 

105. What period of Egyptian history begins here? 

106. Who succeeded Ptolemy Lagus? 

107. What celebrated translation did he cause to be made ? 

108. W"ho succeeded Ptolemy Philadelphus ? 

109. What is said of the sovereigns of this period ? 

110. Name some of the sovereigns of Egypt, between this and 
tlie lime of Cleopatra? 

111. What is said of Cleopatra? 

112. By what nation was Egypt subdued, and when? 

113. What period in the history of Syria began 312 B. C? 

114. Name some of the kings of this period. 

115. Who was king at the time the Jews submitted to the 
Syrians? 

116. What conquests did he make? 

117. Who excites him against the Romans? 

118. What battle followed 190 B. C? 

119. Who was king when the Jews gained their independence? 

120. By whom were the Syrians finally subdued ? 

121. About how long did the kingdom of Lysimachus last? 



^ ROME. 

[Between 500 B. C. and the Christiaa Era.] 

122. What change in the Government of ROME, took place 
near the beginning of this division 1 

123. Who were the first consuls 1 

The Consuls were chosen yearly ; they had the same badges as the 
kings, except the crown, and their power was nearly equal. 

124. What officer chosen 501 B. C. ? 

The Dictator was chosen in times of great danger, and held unlimited 
power during the period of six months. 

125. What new officer chosen 593 B. 0.1 

The Tribunes were chosen annually by the Plebeians, to protect 
themselves against the Patricians. 

126. What did Coriolanus do after having been banished for 
proposing the abolition of the Tribunate ] 

127. Who was king of Persia at this lime 1 

128. What noted generals in Greece, about this time? 

129. What armament goes from Carthage the same year that 
Coriolanus returned from banishment] 

130. W^hich was the strongest power at this time, Rome or 
Carthage? 

131. What was the effect of the law of Valero'? 

Under this law the Tribunes were elected by the comitia, held by 
tribes, and the government passed into the hands of the people. It 
became practically Democratic. 

132. What officers next appointed instead of consuls 445 B. C. 1 
There were three patricians and three plebeians. 

133. Who was chosen Dictator on an invasion of the Aequi and 
Volsci, 456 B. CI 

134. What officers of government appointed 451 B. C. ? 

The Decemviri, were ten persons elected to frame a code of laws. 
For nearly three years, all other magistrates were suspended. The 
infamous conduct of Appius Claudius, one of their number, caused 
their overthrow. 

135. What officers appointed 437 B. C. ? 

The business of the Censors, was to take the census, inspect the 
morals, and regulate the duiies of the citizens. 

136. What improvement in her military system, 406 B. C.I 

137. What city taken 391 B. C, after a vigorous siege of ten 
years, and by whom ? 

138. What terrible calamity befel Rome soon after this? 

139. What was the date of this event, and by whom v/as the 
capital saved ? 

140. What war was going on in Greece, at this time? 



ROME. S7 

[Between 500 B, C. and the Christian era.] 
1 
Greece? 

142. What is said of Manlius Capitolinus'? 

143. What change in the Roman constitution, 369 B. C. ? 

144. What war begins 343 B. C, and how long did it last? 

145. What cities surrendered 340 B. CI 

146. What is the modern name of Latiuml (See tables.) 

147. What conquest completed 338 B. C. 1 

148. What is the modern name of Campania"? 

149. What battle in Greece, the same year, and result ? 

150. How were the Romans humbled, 321 B. C. ? 

151. How did they retaliate the next year? 

152. What great general lands in Italy 280 B. C. 1 

153. How long was this after Rome was burned by the Gauls'? 

154. How long after Xerxes had invaded Greece? 

155. How did he succeed in his first battle with the Romans? 

156. What noted statesman and general had the Romans? 

157. What took place after Pyrrhus had reniained six years in 
Italy? 

158. What happened to him the next year, after having ravaged 
Greece ? 

159. When was the whole of Italy finally subjected by the 
Romans? 

IGO. What period ended here? 

161. What war began two years after, and how long did it last "^ 

162. What period "of Roman history commenced here? 

163. What noted general had the Carthagenians in this war? 

164. What was the result of the first sea fight? 

165. W^hat was the result of the second sea fight? 

166. To whom did the Carthagenians next apply, and with 
what success? 

167. What nations now represented upon the chart? 

168. When did the second Punic war begin, and how long did 
it continue? 

169. What great general led the Carthagenians during this war ? 

170. Relate^something of his exploits? 

171. What two battles the first year of this war, and result? 

172. What battle the second year, and result? 

173. What battle the third year, and result ? 

174. What Roman general took Syracuse, and after how long 
a siege ? 

175. By whom was it defended ? 

176. When Asdrabal came to Italy to aid Hannibal, what battle 
was fought, and result ? 



28 ROME. 

[Between 500 B. C. and the Cliristian Era.] 

177. What Roman general then led an army in Africa! 

178. What course did tho Carthagenians then take] 

179. When was this, and what was the result? 

180. Whom did the Romans defeat 197 B. C? 

181. Who succeeds Philip V., in Macedon] 

182. What battle 168 B. C, and result] 

183. About how long was this after the final reduction of Italy, 
and beginning of the first Punic warl 

184. What war next broke out] 

185. How long did it last before Carthage was destroyed 1 

186. Wliat is the date of the destruction of Carthage] 

187. What other conquest completed the same year] 

188. What conquest completed 133 B. C.] 

189. What two brothers after asserting the claims of the people, 
were slain about this time] 

190. What period of Roman history begins with the fall of 
Carthage ] 

191. What war begins 111 B. C, and how does it end] 

192. What war begins 91 B. C, and by what was it caused ] 

193. What war began 89 B. C. ] 

194. Who was Mithridates, and what did his dominions at this 
time include] 

195. What war began 88 B. C. ] 

196. What took place 82 B. C. ] 

197. What war began 73 B. C, and by what was it caused, 
and how brought to a close ] 

198. What powerful enemy of Rome overthrown 6G B. C.,and 
by whom ] 

199. What conspiracy 63 B. C, and what is said of it ] 

200. What triumvirate formed 56 B. C, and by whom com- 
posed ] 

201. What was the end of Crassus] 

202. What civil war followed, and when did it begin ] 

203. What battle next year, and what was the result] 

204. What took place two years after] 

205. W^hat the next year, 44 B. C.] 
306. Who formed the second triumvirate] 

207. Who fell victims to their proscriptions] 

208. What battle next year, and result] 

209. What took place 32 B. C. ] 

210. What battle 31 B. C.,and who then came upon the throne 
as the first emperor] 

211. What is said of his reign] 



JEWS, GREECE. 29 

[Between 500 B. C. and the Christian era.] 

212. What noted literary characters flourished during the last 
century 1 

213. To what nation were the JEWS in subjection at the begin- 
ning of this division? 

214. What is related of Ezra, the priest, 467 B. C? 

215. What of Nehemiah, 455 B. C. 1 

216. What great prophet soon after, and what is said of him'? 

217. Who was king of Persia at the time of Malachi? 

218. Who governed Athens? 

219. What noted historian at this time in Greece? 

A striking fact will be noticed here, that the Old Testament history 
comes down to that point where well authenticated profane history 
begins. 

220. To whom was the government of the Jews committed after 
the death of Nehemiah? 

221. What was the effect of this ? 

222. What is said of the Jews at the time of the conquests of 
Alexander ? 

223. What is said of Simon the Just, soon after 300 B. C. 1 

224. Who succeeded Simon, and what is said of him ? 

225. What sects begin to appear in the time of Onias, his suc- 
cessor, and what is said of them ? 

226. What attempt did Ptolemy soon after make, and what 
followed ? 

227. When did the Jews submit to Antiochus, and what followed? 

228. Who was ruling in Syria when the Jews revolted ? 

229. How did Jason obtain the high priesthood ? 

230. How did Menelaus obtain it, and what followed? 

231. What did Antiochus do 170 B. C. ? 

232. W^hat did he next attempt ? 

233. What followed 165 B. C ? 

234. Wliat is the period embracing the next 99 years of Jewish 
history called ? 

235. Who succeeds Judas as hio->i priest and generalissimo of 
the army, and what does he do ? 

236. Who succeeds Jonathan? 

237. Who succeeds Simon, and what is said of him? 

238. What can you say of Aristobulus 106 B. C? 

239. Who the next year succeeds Aristobulus, and what is said 
of him ? 

240. After a reign of twenty-six years by whom was Alex. 
Jannagus succeeded ? 

241. What took place 67 B. C. ? 

c 2 



so CARTHAGE, PARTHIA. 

[Between 500 B. C. and the Christian era.] 

242. When was Jiidea again subdued, and by whom 1 

243. With whom were the Jews soon after contending'? 

244. Who came upon the throne 37 B. C, and what is said of himi 

245. About what time, and by whom, is CARTHAGE sup- 
posed to have been founded] 

246. Wliat aid did the Carthaginians afford Xerxes 1 

247. What commenced 406 B. C.i 

248. What was Syracuse? 

249. About how long did this struggle last? 

250. What noted character appeared in Carthage about 300 
B. C, and what did he attempt? 

251. Wlial is said of Carthage about tliis time? 

252. What noted general had the Carthaginians during the 
first Punic war? 

253. After the war had continued fifteen years, to whom did the 
Carthaginians apply for aid, and with what success? 

254. What great general did Carthage produce in the second 
Punic war, and what is said of him ? 

255. What war began 149 B. C. ? 

256. When was Carthage destroyed ? 

257. To whom did PARTHIA belong in early times? 

258. After the death of Alexander, to whose share did it fall? 

259. W'ho heads the Parthians in their revolt from the king of 
Syria? 

260. What period of Parthian history begins with him ? 

261. What conquest did he make? 

262. With whom were the Parthians at war about 200 B. C. 1 

263. Who began to reign 156 B. C, and what was his character? 

264. What conquests did he make? 

265. What is said of the character of the Parthians ? 

General Questions on Ancient History. 
It will be perceived that these questions are so asked, as to 
require the scholar in anb-vering them fully, to give lectures. 
These lectures may be long or short, at the discretion of the 
teacher. 

1. What is the date of the foundauon of BABYLON and 
Nineveh, and about how long was this after the flood ? 

2. Give the principal events in the history of the world be- 
tween the time of the flood and the foundation of Babylon. 

3. What was the first period of Assyrian history, and what 
can you say of it ? 

4. When does it end ? 



BABYLON, JEWS. 31 

[General Questions B. C] 

5. What revolution here took place 1 

G. What period of the history of Babylon begins here? 

7. What can you say of this period 1 

8. What period cf the history of Nineveh begins here 1 

9. W^hat took place during this period 1 

10. By whom was Babylon united to Nineveh, and when! 

11. What period begins here? 

12. Name some of the prominent events of this period. 

13. About how long did the Assyrian empire stand, after the 
reunion of Babylon with Nineveh? 

14. What five nations subdued by the Assyrians 1 

15. What five nations existing at the time of Nebuchadnezzar, 
that were not subdued by the Assyrians? 

16. What individuals can you name contemporary with Nebu- 
chadnezzar ? 

17. What is the first period of the history of the JEWS called ? 

18. What are the prominent events in this period ? 

19. What is the second period called, and when does it begin 
and end ? 

20. W^hat are the prominent events in the Egyptian period ? 

21. When does the third period begin, and how long does it last? 

22. W' hat are the prominent events of this period ? 

23. W^hen does the fourth period begin, and when does it end? 

24. Give some of the prominent events and characters in the 
order in which they are mentioned in this period ? 

25. W^hen does the next period of their history begin? 

26. How many kings reigned before the division, and what is 
the length of each reign ? 

27. Name some of the prominent events that took place during 
the reign of each. 

28. Date the separation of the ten tribes from the tribes of 
Judah and Benjamin ? 

29. Name the principal characters and events in the history 
of the ten tribes, after the separation at the death of Solomon, 
until they were carried captive by Shalmanezar. 

30. In the history of Judah, until they were carried captive by 
Nebuchadnezzar ? 

31. Date of this event, and what period begins here? 

32. How long does it last ? 

The remaining periods of Jewish history are the Medo- Persian, 
Macedoniaii, Ftolemy- Egyptian, Syrian, Maccabees or Heroic, and 
Roman. 

33. Wlien does the Medo-Persian period begin and end ? 



:,2 JEWS. 

[General Questions B.C.] 
31. Name the prominent events and characters in this period. 

35. When does the next or Macedonian period begin, and end ] 

36. To whom were the Jews next in subjection, and how 
long '? 

37. Name the prominent events that took place during this 
period. 

38. To whom were they next subject, and how long "? 

39. What are the prominent events that took place in the 
Syrian period 1 

40. What is the next period of Jewish history, and how long 
does it last"? 

41. Wliat are the prominent characters and events of this 
period 1 

42. By what nation are the Jews next subjected ? 

43. What is the first period of Egptian history called ? 

44. What are the prominent events mentioned in this period I 

45. What is the second period called ? 

46. What is said of this period 1 

47. Who subjected Egypt near the close of this period 1 

The next two periods of Egyptian history are the Medo-Persian 
and Macedonian. 

48. What prominent facts are mentioned during these periods'? 

49. What is the next period, and what can you say of its 
history "? 

50. What are the prominent events mentioned in the history 
of Phoenicia? 

51. Into what two periods is the history of Asia Minor 
divided ? 

52. When does each begin and end, and what are the promi- 
nent events in the history of each ] 

53. What is the first period of the history of Greece called ? 
51. What are the prominent events mentioned in its history 1 
55. What is the second period of Grecian history called, and 

when does it begin and end ? 
56 What are the prominent events mentioned in its history? 

57. What is the next period, and the prominent events of its 
history ? 

58. What period begins at the death of Lycurgus, and when 
does it end ? 

59. What are the prominent events in the history of this 
period 1 

GO. What is the next period, and what are its prominent events 
and characters ? 



GENERAL QUESTIONS. 33 

[Between the Flood and the Christian era.] 

The remaining periods are the Macedonian, and the period of the 
AchcBan League. 

61. What are the prominent events mentioned in the history of 
each period 1 

62. Give the prominent events mentioned in the history of 
Media, previous to the time of its union with Persia] 

63. What is said of Persia previous to its union with Media? 

64. Give the prominent outlines of the history of the Medo- 
Persian power. 

65. What are the prominent events and characters mentioned 
in the history of Carthage ? 

66. What is the first period of the history of Rome, and when 
does it begin, and end T 

67. What are the principal events mentioned in this period, 
and what is said of their authenticity 1 

68. What is the second period, and when does it begin, and 
end "? 

69. Mention some of the prominent characters and events of 
this period ? 

70. What is the third period, and when does it begin, and 
end 1 

71. W^hat are the prominent events and characters of this 
period % 

72. What is the fourth period of Roman history called ? 

73. Mention some of the prominent characters and events of 
this period, in their order? 

Seventh Division, or Division of the Roman 
Empire; 

Extends from the advent of our Saviour, to the fall of the Western 
empire and beginning of the Middle ages, or from A. D. to 500 
A. D. 

1. What nations are represented at the beginning of this 
division ? 

2. Who is upon the throne of the ROMAN EMPIRE ? 

3. W'hat period of Roman history begins with Augustus? 

4. Is the world now in peace, or engaged in war ? 

5. What is the number of the standing army of the Ro- 
mans? 

6. Of the navy ? 

7. What is the government of the Romans ? 

8. W^hat is the population of the empire at the accession of 
Augustus ? 



34 ROMAN EMPIRE. 

[Between A. D. and 500 A. D.] 
9. How long did Augustus reign after the Christian era? 

10. Who succeeded him, and what is his character T 

11. What course did he pursue towards his nephew, Germani- 
cus? 

12. Whom did he next take into confidence 1 

13. Who succeeded Tiberius, and what was his character] 
14 Who suaceeded Caligula, and what was his character? 

15. Who succeeded Claudius, at what date, and what is said 
of him ] 

16. What prominent literary character? flourished about the 
time of the Christian era 1 

17. What great philosopher and moralist flourished during the 
reign of Claudius, and what is said of his end 1 

18. Who succeeded Nero] 

19. Who succeeds Galba] 

20. W'ho succeeds Otho ] 

21. Who succeeds Vitellius, and what is said of him? 

22. What city did he destroy the same year that he came upon 
the throne 1 

23. What is the date of this event, and what is said of the 
siege? 

24. ■ 
of two of his successors ? 

25. Who succeeds Vespasian, and what is said of him ? 
2(). What remarkable event took place the same year ? 

27. What noted character smothered at this irruption? 

28. Who succeeds Titus, and what is said of him? 

29. Who succeeds Domitian, and what is said of him ? 

30. Who succeeds Nerva, at what date, and what is said of 
him ? 

31. What is said of the comparative size of the empire during 
his reign ? 

32. Who succeeds Trajan, and what is said of him? 

33. What took place in Judea, near the close of the reign pf 
Adrian ? 

34. Who succeeds Adrian, and what is said of him ? 

35. Wliat noted writers flourished during the first half of this 
century ? 

36. Who succeeds Antoninus Pius, and what is said of him ? 

37. Who succeeds Marcus A. Antoninus, and what is said of 
him ? 

38. Who succeeds Commodus, and what is said of him ? 

39. Who succeeds Pertinax, and by what means ? 



ROMAN EMPIRE. 35 

[Between A. D. and 500 A. D.] 

40. Who succeeds Didius Julianus, and what is said of himl 

41. Who succeeds Severus, and what is said of them'? 

42. What is the end of the next two sovereigns 1 

43. Who comes upon the throne A. D. 222 1 

44. What are the names and characters of some of the empe- 
rors between this and 300, and what is said of them 1 

45. Between 250 and 300 how many tyrants usurped the 
throne, and what was generally their end ? 

46. Who comes upon the throne 306, A. D. ? 

47. Who finally reigned alone, and at what date] 

48. What is said of Constantino ? 

49. Where was the seat of the empire removed by himi 

50. Who next came upon the throne, and what followed ? 

51. Who is crowned 361, A. D. 1 

52. What is said of him'? 

53. Who succeeds Julian 1 

54. Who succeeds Jovian 1 

55. What does Valentinian give his brother Valens 1 

56. What then took place 364, A. D. 1 

57. Who succeeds Valentinian, as emperor of the West ? 

58. Who succeeds Gratian ? 

59. What great event took place during the reign of Valenti- 
nian II., 384, A. D. 1 

60. Who succeeds Valens, as emperor of the Easf? 

61. What took place 392, A. D. ] 

62. What is further said of Theodosius 1 

63. Wlien was the empire permanently divided ? 

64. What is said of the emperor Arcadius 1 

65. What of the emperor Theodosius II. 1 

66. Who became emperor of the East 350, A. D. ? 

67. Who succeeds Marcian? 

68. What took place under Leol 

69. Who succeeds Leo, and what did he dol 

70. At what time was Honorius made emperor of the west? 

71. What dreadful event took place during his reign, 310, 
A. D.T 

72. What three tribes of Barbarians established themselves in 
the Roman empire, the year preceding the invasion of Alaric ? 

73. From what region were the Vandals, and where did they 
settle 1 

74. What is the modern name of Scandinavia 1 (See tables.) 

75. The modern name of Vandalusia ? 

76. What did the Vandals do 427, A. D. 1 



36 ROMAN EMPIRE. 

[Between A. D. and 500 A. D.] 

77. Where were the Allans from, and where did they settle 1 

78. What is the modern name of Sarmalial 

79. What of Lusitania \ 

80. From what region were the Suevi ? 

81. What tribe settled in the empire 412, A. D. ? 

82. What nation settled in the empire 413, A. DA 

83. Wliat nation 420, A. D., and where? 

84. Wliat took place 42G, A. D. ] 

85. What great conqueror ravaged the empire 447, A. T).1 

86. What one 455? 

87. About how long is this after Genseric, at the head of the 
Vandals, passed from »Spain into Africa ? 

88. W^iat is the date of the fall of the empire 1 

89. Who took Rome at this time, and what title did he assume? 

90. By whom, and when, were the Heruli overthrown ? 

CHURCH IRslorT/. 

91. To what nation was the greater part of the known world 
under subjection, at the time of the coming of Christ? 

92. Was it a time of peace or war ? 

93. What was the state of intelligence through the world at 
this time, compared with any former period ? 

94. Mention some of the prominent scholars that lived within 
half a century of this time, before and after. 

95. W'hen was our Lord crucified ? 

9G. How long after this event before the conversion of St. 
Paul ? 

97. What took place 42, A. D. ? 

98. What controversy soon after ? 

99. What council 50, A. D., and what was done at this 
council ? 

100. What events are mentioned between this and 64, A. D. ? 

101. W'hat is the first period of church history called ? 

102. What took place 64, A. D. ? 

103. How long had Nero been upon the throne at this time? 

104. What two apostles suffered martyrdom the third year of 
this persecution ? 

105. What began 95, A. D. ? 

106. What two noted characters at this time, and what is said 
of them ? 

107. How long was this after Jerusalem was destroyed? 

108. What took place 107, A. D. ? 

109. What noted character suffered martyrdom during this per- 
secution ? 



CHURCH HISTORY PARTHIA. 37 

[Between A. D. and 500 A. D.] 

110. What took place 150, A. D. ? 

111. What disputes 158, A. D. ] 

112. What rioted character mentioned at this time? 

113. What commenced 163, A. D. 1 

114. What noted character mentioned during this persecution, 
and what is said of him 1 

115. What event mentioned 202, A. D. 1 

116. What great character mentioned at this lime, and what is 
said of him? 

117. What event 226, A. D., and under what emperor 1 

118. What great character suffered martyrdom 251, A. D., and 
what is said of him 1 

119. Wliat persecution about this time, and what originated 
with it, and how 1 

120. Date of tliis persecution? 

121. What celebrated dispute soon after? 

122. What events further are mentioned during the remainder 
of this century ? 

123. W^hat begun 302, A. D. ? 

1*24. What put an end to this persecution ? 

125. What period of church history begins about this time? 

126. What noted characters are mentioned ? 

127. What took place 316, A. D. ? 

128. What council 325, A. D., and what is said respecting it? 

129. What great character flourished at this time, and what is 
.said of him ? 

130. What is said of Liberius, bishop of Rome ? 

131. Are the Christians persecuted any further this century? 

132. What prominent characters mentioned about this time ? 

133. Wliat is said of Siricius, bishop of Rome? 

134. What great discussion took place the same year that he 
was made bishop of Rome? 

135. What remarkable characters flourished 400, A. D. ? 

136. Why was St. Chrysostom so called ? 

137. What is said of Pelagius ? 

138. With whom, and when does the second branch of the 
Arsacidce begin in PARTHIA? 

139. What revolution 223, A. D. ? 

140. What dynasty begins here? 

141. Who succeeds Artaxerxes, and what is said of him ? 

142. Who came upon the throne 294, A. D., and what is said 
of him ? 

1 13. Who succeeds Narses, how long does he reign, and what 
is his character ? 

D 



38 PERSIA, FRANCE. 

[From 500 A. D. to 1000 A. D.] 

144. What commenced 340, A. D., and how long did it con- 
tinue 1 

145. What was the result of the battle of Sirigate 348, A. D. 1 
14G. What did Sapores do 359, A. D. ] 

147. What look place 363, A. D. ? 

148. Who succeeded Sapores 11., and what is said of himl 

149. W^hat commenced 418, A. D., and how long did it con- 
tinue ] 

Eighth Division, or First Division of the Mid- 
dle Ages. 

Extends from the fall of the Western empire to the Central 
period of the Middle Ages, or from 500 A. D., to 1000 A. D. 

1. What nations are represented at the beginning of this 
division 1 

2. Who was upon the throne in France 1 

3. How was his kingdom divided at his death 511, A. D.I 

4. Who finally gained the ascendency, and reunited the km."? 

5. W^hat took place at his death ? 

C). Who next reunites the kingdom 1 

7. What took place 632, A. D.T 

8. What at the death ofDao-obert? 

9. What took place 687, A.'DJ 

10. Mention some of the kings between this and 730, A. D. 

11. Who succeeded Pepin de Iliristal, as mayor of the palace, 
and when"? 

12. What great event 732, A. D. ] 

13. Who succeeds Charles Martel, as mayor? 

14. What did he do 752, A. D. ? 

15. What did the pope decide? 

16. W^hat dynasty of kings ends here? 

17. Who succeeds Pepin le Bref, 768, A. D. ? 

18. With whom was Charlemagne at war between 772, and 
803? 

19. Whom did he defeat 773, A. D. ? 

20. What fcllov/ed,774,A. D. ? 

21. When was Charlemagne crowned emperor? 

22. What was his character? 

23. What period begins with Charlemagne? 

24. Wbo succeeds him 813, A. D. ? 

25. What is said of Louis le Debonair? 

26. How was the empire finally divided at his death'? 



FRANCE, BRITAIN. 39 

[From 500 A. D. to 1000 A. D. 

27. What took place the next year 1 

28. What is the condition of France about this timel 

29. Who succeeds Charles the Bald"? 

30. Who succeeds Louis II. 1 

31. Who succeeds Louis III., and Carloman'? 

32. What took place 885, A. D. 1 

33. What followed soon after this 1 

34. Who succeeds Charles the Fat"? 

35. W^ho succeeds Eudes, or Odo 1 

36. What took place 911, A. D. ? 

37. Who succeeds Charles the Simple? 

38. Who succeeds Robert the Usurper"? 

39. Who succeeds Ralpho, or Rodolph'? 

40. What is the condition of France during this century 1 

41. What took place 950, A. D. 1 

42. Who succeeds Louis, 954, A. D. 1 

43. What did he do 961.] 

44. Who succeeds Lothaire, 886, A. D., and what is his end ] 

45. Who succeeds Louis the Lazy 1 

46. Who commenced invading England soon after the Romans 
left Britain, 429, A. D. f 

47. Whom did the Britons call to their aid 447, A. D., and 
what followed 1 

48. What two kingdoms founded between 455 and 500, and 
by whom T 

49. Which of the seven kingdoms of the Heptarchy founded 
between 500 and 600, and by whom 1 

50. What noted battle took place between the Saxons and 
ancient Britons, 511, A. D.l 

51. What success had Arthur against the Saxons 519, A. D. ? 

52. What followed 542, A. D. ] 

53. What event took place 597, A. D. 1 

54. Had Christianity been introduced previous to the time of 
Austin? 

55. What noted character flourished about 700, A. D. ? 

56. What great battle in France, three years before Bede's 
death 1 

57. What is said of the Britons (the ancient inhabitants of 
the island) at this time? 

58. What noted character flourished soon after 800, A. D., and 
over what two kingdoms does he first reign? 

59. What follows? 

60. Who was sovereign of France, Germany, and Italy, at the 
time that Egbert became sole king of England? 



40 BRITAIN, GERMANY. 

[From 500 A. D. to 1000 A. D.] 

61. Who succeeds him as the second king of England? 

62. Who ruled the Scots, in Scotland, at this time] 

63. What took place 843, A. D.] 

64. Who began to rule the same year, in Wales T 

65. Who succeeds Ethelvvolf, in England, 857, A. DA 
6C). What took place the next year ] 

67. Who succeeds Ethelbald 360, A. D. ? 

68. Who succeeds Ethelbert, 866, A. D. "? 

69. Who succeeds Ethelred, and at what date] 

70. What is said of Alfred ] 

71. What university did he found, 886, A. D.I 

72. How did Roderic of Wales, divide his dominions at his 
death ] 

73. Who became king of Scotland, 875, A. D., and over whom 
was he victorious ? 

74. Who succeeded Alfred, in England, and at what date? 

75. What was his character] 

Edward the Elder, was the son of Alfred, and in all cases in the 
history of England, since the time of Alfred, and of France, since 
the time of Charlamagne, it may be understood that the reigning 
sovereign is the son of the preceding king, unless it is stated to the 
contrary. 

76. Who succeeded Edward the elder, and at what date ] 

77. What is said of Athelstan] 

78. Who succeeded Athelstan, 941, A. D., and what is his 
end in 946] 

79. Who succeeded Edmund, and what is said of him] 

80. Who succeeded Edred] 

81. Who succeeded Edwy. 

82. Who succeeded Edgar, and what was his end ] 

83. Who succeeded Edward II., and what was his character ] 

84. Who became emperor of GERM ANY and king of ITALY 
855, A. D., and what is said of him ] 

85. Who succeeded Louis II.] W^ho Charles the Bald] 

86. Who succeeded Charles the Fat, in Germany, and what is 
said of him ] 

87. Who came upon the throne 920, A. D., and what is said 
of him ] 

88. What house begins with Henry the Fowler] 

89. Who succeeds him] 

90. What is said of Otho] 

91. What did he do 961, A. D.] 

92. What other emperors upon the throne previous to 1000, 
A. D.] 



GERMANY, ITALY. 41 

[From 500 A. D. to 1000 A. D.] 

93. Vv ho was upon the throne of Italy 500, A. D. % 

04. By whom was Rome taken 537, A. D. "? 

95. Whose general was Belisarius? 

96. What followed 516, A. D. ? 

97. What followed in 519 and 550] 

98. Who defeated the Goths 553, A. D., and what followed 1 

99. Who came upon the throne, 568, A. D.] 

100. What can you say of the country about 585, A. D. 1 

101. Name some of the kings of Italy, who ruled between GOO 
and 750, A. D. 

102. W'ho began to reign 719, A. D., and what is said of him 1 

103. Who succeeded Astolphus 1 

101. About what time was he deposed, and what further took 
place at the same time? 

105. Wlio came upon the throne 855, A. D. "? 

106. Who succeeded Louis 875, A. D. ? 

107. Who succeeded Charles the Bald 1 

108. Who succeeded Carloman ] 

109. What took place 889, A. D. ? 

110. Who came upon the throne 922, A. D. 1 

111. What did he do 936, A. D. 1 

112. Who succeeded him the same year] 

113. Who succeeded Hugh 950, A. D.] 

114. What took place under him, and at what date ] 

115. Who came upon the throne of the Eastern empire 527, 
A. D.] 

116. For what was he celebrated] 

117. What conquest did Belisarius make 534, A. D.] 

118. What throe years after] 

119. What 549, A. D. ] 

120. What took place under Justinian about 535, A. D. ] 

121. Who succeeded Justinian, and what was his character ] 

122. Who succeeded Justin II., and what is said of him] 

123. Who succeeded Tiberius II.] 

124. Who succeeded Mauritius] 

125. What did Phocas do 606, A. D. ] 

126. Who succeeds Phocas, and what took place under iiis 
reign ] 

127. What edict did Heraclius issue 638, A. D. ] 

128. What took place 670, A. D., and what followed ] 

129. Who came upon the throne 716, A. D. ] 

130. What race begins with him ] 

131. What edict did he publish 726, A. D. ] 

D 2 



43 rXALY, PERSIA. 

[From 500 A. D. to 1000 A. D.] 

132. Who succeeded Leo III. 1 

133. Who succeeded Constantine V. 1 

134. Who succeeded Leo IV. ? 

135. Who acted as regent in his minority 1 

136. What part did she take in the question of image worship ? 

137. What look place 788, A. D. 1 

138. What great characters were cotemporary with Irene 1 

139. Name some of the emperors that flourished between 802 
and 867, A. D. 1 

140. Who came upon the throne 867, A. D., and what is said 
of hirn 1 

141. To what race did he belong] 

142. What noted character flourished under him"? 

143. Who was at this time upon the throne of England 1 

144. Name some of Basil's successors previous to 963, A. D. 1 

145. W^ho then came upon the throne, and what is said of him? 

146. Who succeeds Nicephorus Phocas, and what is said of 
himi 

147. What was the state of the empire after his timel 

148. Who came upon the throne of PERSIA 532, A. D., and 
what was his character 1 

149. What took place 540, A. D.? 

150. What did Chosroes II. afterwards do? 

151. What was the character of his successors? 

152. About what time was Persia subdued by the Saracens? 

153. From whom were the Arabians descended ? 

154. What is said of them ? 

155. What is said of their early history? 

156. Who were the Saracens? 

157. What great imposter appeared in Arabia soon after 600, 
A. D.? 

158. What took place 612, A. D. ? 

159. What 622, A. D. ? 

160. What 627, A. D. ? 

161. Who succeeded him, and what conquest did he make? 

162. Who succeeds Abubeker, and what conquests does he 
make ? 

163. What event took place 640, A. D. ? 

164. About how long since the foundation of this library, and 
how many volumes did it contain before it was burned by 
Omar ? 

165. Who succeeds Omar, and what conquests does he make? 

166. Who succeeded Othman in Arabia, and who in Egypt? 



PERSIA, FRANCE, SPAIN. 43 

[From 500 A. D. to 1000 A. D.] 

167. What was the character of AH, and what is said of himi 

168. What house came upon the throne GGO, A. D.I 

169. What unsuccessful attempt did the Saracens make G70, 
A. D.I 

170. What conquests did they complete 712, A. D.I 

171. What are tiiose Saracens called wiio settled in Spain? 

172. After conquering Spain, what did they next do? 

173. By w^hom were they defeated in France, and when? 

174. Who came upon the throne 754, A. D. ? 

175. What city did he build, and for what? 

176. What was the consequence of this removal of his capital 1 

177. What kingdom did the Saracens found in Spain? 

178. To what family did Abderrahman belong? 

179. What is said of him and his successors? 

180. W' ho came upon the throne of the Saracen empire 785, 
A. D.? 

181. What was his character, and what is said of him? 

182. What is the period of his reign often styled ? 

183. What took place 807, A. D. ? 

184. Who began to reign 813, A. D., and what is said of him? 

185. What event is mentioned 850, A. D. ? 

186. What followed only 11 years after? 

187. How is the Saracen power again greatly weakened 934, 
A. I). ? 

188. Where did the Goths retire upon the invasion of SPAIN 
by the Saracens 712, A. D. ? 

189. Who was at this time Mayor of the Palace, in France? 

190. What kingdom founded in Spain 755? 

191. By whom was it founded, and what is said of him and 
his successors ? 

192. Who founded Candia ? 

193. Who came upon the throne of Cordova 822, A. D., and 
what is said of iiim ? 

194. What irruption into Spain during his reign ? 

195. Who were the Norman sea kings, and what is said of 
them ? 

196. Who began to reign 889, A. D., and what is said of him ? 

197. W^hat is said of Cordova? 

198. Who began to reign 912, A. D., and what is said of him? 

199. What is said of his reign? 

200. Wlio began to reign over the Christians (so called) in 
Leon, 914, A. D., and what is said of him? 

201. What age of Spanish history begins here? 



44 SPAIN, CHURCH, ENGLAND. 

[From 500 A. D. to 1000 A. D ] 

203. What is said of Almansor, regent under Hixem, sovereign 
of the Moors ] 

204. What is said concerning the CHURCH ahout 500, A. D. 1 

205. What took place 533, A. D. 1 

206. What was introduced 550, A. D. ? 

207. What took place 555, A. D. 1 

208. Who became pope or bishop of Rome 590, A. D. 

209. What is said of a concession made by the emperor of the 
East to the bishop of Rome, and at what date? 

210. What took place 607, A. D. 1 

211. What took place in Britain about the same time'? 

212. Name some of the popes of this century ? 

213. What event mentioned 680, A. D. ? 

214. What edict by Leo HI., 726, A. D. ? 

215. What noted characters flourished in France and England, 
at this time ? 

216. What controversy from this time to 787, A. D. ? 

217. Who at this time restored image worship ? 

218. What application was made to Stephen H., by Pepin? 

219. What was the decision? 

220. How did Pepin reward the Pope? 

221. What was done by Charlemagne, 774, A. D. ? 

222. What took place 849, A. D. ? 

223. What was generally the character of the popes from this 
time onward ? 

221. What served greatly to establish their power? 

Ninth Division^ or Second Division of the 
Middle Ages. 
Extends from the central period of the Middle Ages to the 
Reformation, or from 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D. 

1. What nations are represented at the beginning of this 
division ? 

2. What event mentioned in the history of ENGLAND, 1002, 
A. D.? 

3. Wliat took place two years after? 

4. When did Sweyn become king of England ? 

5. Who succeeded him ? 

6. Who succeeded Edmund XL, and what is said of him? 

7. Who succeeded Canute the Great? 

8. Who succeeded Herod L, and what was his character? 

9. Who succeeded Canute H., and when ? 

10. What was his character, and what is said of him ? 



ENGLAND. 45 

[From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 

11. What race of kings were restored when Edward came 
upon the throne? 

12. About how long had the Danish kings reigned 

13. Who succeeded Edward the Confessor? 

14. Who succeeded Harold II., when, and by what means'? 

15. Where was Normandy 1 [See hst of ancient and modern 
names.] 

16. About how long had the Saxon family reigned since they 
were restored "? 

17. What system and language did William introduce? 

18. What family of kings came upon the throne in William 
the Conqueror? 

19. What is said of William 1087, A. D. ? 

20. Who succeeded him, and what was his character? 

21. Who succeeded William Rufus, when, and by what 
means? 

22. What is said of the character of Henry the Scholar ? 

23. Into what family did he marry? 

24. What house afterwards descended from this union of the 
Norman and Saxon families? 

25. What took place 1106, A. D. ? 

26. Who succeeded Henry 1135, A. D. ? 

27. By whom was Stephen opposed? 

28. What battle followed 1140, A. D., and what was the 
result? 

29. What was the condition of England at this time? 

30. What took place two years after the battle of Lincoln? 

31. Who succeeded Stephen 1154, A. D. ? 

32. What is said of the ability of Henry II. ? 

33. By whom was he opposed ? 

34. What followed 1170, A. D. ? 

35. What 1171, A. D. ? 

36. What is said of Henry's sons? 

37. What is said of Henry, 1174? 

38. Who succeeded Henry II., 1189, A. D.? 

39. Where did Richard go 1190, A. D. ? 

40. What city did he aid in capturing from the Saracens 1191, 
A. D.? 

41. What else did he do the same year? 

42. What happened to him while returning home? 

43. Who succeeded Richard, and when? 

44. What was the character of John ? 

45. What did he do 1213, A. D. ? 

46. What great event took place 1215, A. D. ? 



46 ENGLAND. 

[From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 

47. Who succeeded John, and what is said of hiinT 

48. What is said of the condition and prosperity of England 
during this century 1 

49. What took place 125S, A. D. ] 

50. What battle 1264, and result? 

51. What battle the next year, and result'? 

52. What great literary character flourished during the latter 
part of this century] 

53. Who succeeded Henry TIT., and what was his character'? 

54. What conquest did Edward I. make 1282, A. D. ? 

55. What is the king's eldest son styled from this time 

56. About how lonor is this after the conquest of Ireland by 
Henry 11. '? 

57. What brave opponent did the English meet with in Scot- 
land, about 1300, A. D. ] 

58. In what battle did he defeat them 1297, A. D.'? 

59. What was finally the fate of Wallace, eight years after 
this] 

60. Who succeeded Edward I., and wMiat was his character'? 

61. What great battle followed, and result"? 

62. W^hat took place 1321, A. D. ? 

63. Who succeeded Edward IT.] 

64. What is said of Edward III., 1337, A. D.] 

65. What sea fight 1340, A. D., and result] 

66. What battle six years after, and resuJt] 

67. What was there remarkable about this battle? 

68. W^hat event took place the next year ] 

69. What battle followed ten years after the battle of Cressy, 
and result] 

70. What noted divine flourished towards the close of this 
centurv, and what is said of him ] 

71. Who succeeded Edward IIL, and what was his character] 

72. What noted event took place 4 years aflor Richard II. 
came upon the throne] 

73. What celebrated poet flourished about the close of this 
century ] 

74. "Who succeeded Richard II., and when] 

75. By what means, and w\mi followed ] 

76. What battle followed 1400, A. D., and result] 

77. What house came to the throne in the person of Henry 
IV.] 

78. Who succeeded Henry IV. ] 

79. What battle 1415, A. D., and result] 

80. What took place 1420, A. D.] 



ENGLAND, SCOTLAND. 47 

[From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 

81. Who succeeded Henry V.I 

83. What was the condition of France during the reigns of 
Henrys V. and VI., of England. ? 

83. What great heroine obliged the English to raise the siege 
of Orleans 1 

81. What war began 1453, A. DA 

85. Wliat battle two years after, and result? 

86. W^hat battle 1460, and result] 

87. Wlio succeeded Henry VI., 1461, A. D.'i and to what 
family did he belong] 

88. What battle followed, and result? 

89. What took place seven years after T 

90. What followed, 1470? 

91. Wliat battle the next year, and result? 

92. Who came upon the throne 1483, A. D.? 

93. Who succeeded young Edward, after putting him to death ? 

94. Who succeeded Richard III., 1485, A. D., and what is 
said of him ? 

95. Who came upon i^ae throne of SCOTLAND, 1004, A. D., 
and what did he do? 

96. Who succeeded Malcolm II. ? 

97. Who succeeded Duncan I., and by what means? 

98. Who was reigning in England cotemporary with Macbeth? 

99. Who succeeded Macbeth? 

100. Who reigned in England cotemporary with Malcolm III.? 

101. Who succeeded Malcolm III.? 

J 02. Who came upon the Scottish throne 1100, A. D.? 

103. Wlio reigned in P]ngland cotemporary with him? - 

104. Who succeeded Edgar, 1124, A. D.? 

105. Who succeeded David the Saint? 

106. Who reigned in England cotemporary with him ? 

107. Who succeeded William the Lion, and what was his 
character ? 

108. What caused contentions during his reign? 

109. Who succeeded Alexander II. ? 

110. W'hat is said of the institutions of Scotland at this time? 
HI. What conquest made by the Scots, 1263, A. D.? 

112. What contention 1285, A. D. ? 

113. How was the dispute finally settled, 1293, A. D.I 

114. What battle 1297, A. D., and result? 

115. How long after the battle of Stirling before Sir William 
Vv'allace was betrayed ? 

110. What followed his betrayal into the hands of Edward ? 



48 SCOTLAND, FRANCE. 

[From loco A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 

117. Who came upon the throne of Scotland the next year 1 

118. Who succeeded Edward I., and what was his character] 

119. What battle eight years after Bruce came upon the throne, 
and result 1 

120. Who came upon the Scottish throne 1329, A. D. 1 

121. Who succeeded him, and what followed T 

122. What took place 1312, A. D. ? 

123. Who was upon the throne of FRANCE, at the beginning 
of this division ] 

124. What family came upon the throne in the person of his 
father 1 

125. W^hat was the condition of France during this and the 
next century ] 

126. What was introduced 1040, A. D., and what was the 
effect of it? 

127. What took place in the beginning of the next century, 
under Louis VI., and what was the effect'? 

128. Wlio was upon the throne of England, during the last part 
of the reign of Robert 11. ] 

129. Who succeeded Robert II. 1 

130. Who succeeded Henry I. ] 

131. What great baron went from Normandy, in France, to 
England, six years after Philip came upon the throne] 

132. By whom was France invaded, near the close of this 
century] 

133. What period of French history begins 1100, A. D. ] 

134. Who succeeded Philip I., and what is said of him '^ 

135. Who reigned cotemj)orary with him in England ] 

136. What war began 1109, A. D., and what followed] 

137. What battle ton years after, and result] 

138. Who was at this time emperor of Germany] 

139. W^hat took place in France, 1124, A. D. ] 

140. What noted character flourished about this time in France] 

141. Who succeeded Louis VI., 1137, A. D., and what is said 
of him ] 

142. What v/as the condition of England, during the first part 
of the reign of Louis VII. ] 

143. Who was upon the throne of England during the last 
twenty-five years of his reign ] 

144. Who succeeded Louis VII., and about what time] 

145. What did Philip do soon after he came upon the throne] 

146. What did he do 1190, A. D.] 

147. What city did he aid in capturing from the Saracens] 



FRANCE. 49 

[From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 

148. What is said of France under Philip Augustus ? 

149. What kings of England reigned coteniporary with him'? 

150. What took place 1216, A. D. ? 

151. Who succeeded Philip Augustus, and what is said of him ? 

152. Who reigned in England, and who in Scotland, cotempo- 
rary with Louis VIII. 1 

153. Who succeeded Louis VIII., 1226, and what was his 
character ? 

154. Who reigned cotemporary with Louis IX., in England, 
and who in Scotland 1 

155. What battle 1242, A. D., and result? 

156. W^hat did Louis do six years after this battle ? 

157. What happened after he had been two years absent? 

158. What took place twenty years after he was taken prisoner 
in Egypt? 

159. Who succeeded Louis IX.? 

160. Who reigned in England cotemporary with Philip III. ? 

161. Who succeeded Philip III., and what was his character? 

162. Who reigned in England cotemporary with Philip the 
Fair? 

163. What contention began in Scotland the same year that he 
came upon the throne, and what heroic characters in Scot- 
land during his reign ? 

164. What is said of Philip IV., 1301, A. D.? 

165. What revolt 1303, A. D.? 

166. What was commenced four years after this revolt? 

167. What took place 1314, A. D. ? 

168. What other noted event the same year? 

169. How many reigns are included in the next fourteen years ? 

170. Who came upon the throne 1328, A. D. ? 

171. What house came to the throne in the person of Philip VJ.? 

172. What celebrated character flourished at this time in France ? 

173. What defeats did the French meet with towards th^ close 
of the reign of Philip VI.? 

174. What is this period of French history called? 

175. What took place 1349, A. D.? 

176. Who succeeded Philip II., the next year-- 

177. By whom was he soon after defeated. ^nd what followed? 

178. Who succeeded John II. the Gor^, and what was his 
character ? 

179. What great hero led the forces of Charles V., and with 
what success ? 

180. Who succeeded Charles ^., and what was his character? 

E 



50 FRANCE, GERMANY. 

[From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 

181. What was the state of France during the latter part of his 
reign 1 

182. What kings reigned in England cotemporary with him 1 

183. By whom were the French defeated 1415, A. D., and 
what was the occasion of this war? 

184. W^hat treaty followed five years after, and what were the 
terms of this treaty 1 

185. Who succeeded Charles VI., and about what time? 

186. What events mentioned during the first ten years of his 
reign ? 

187. What event 1436, A. D. ? 

188. What event eight years after? 

189. What is said 1450, A. D. ? 

190. Who reigned in Fingland cotemporary with Charles VII. ? 

191. Who succeeded him? 

192. What was the character of Louis XI., and what is said of 
him ? 

193. What took place under his reign? 

194. Who reigned in England cotemporary with him ? 

195. W^ho succeeded Louis XI. ? 

196. What is said of him 1491, A. D. ? 

197. What is said of Otho, emperor of GERMANY, 1001, 
A. D. ? 

198. Who succeeded him the next year? 

199. What is said of Henry's movements in Italy 1004, A. D.? 

200. Who reigned in France, England, and Scotland, cotempo- 
rary with him ? 

201. Who succeeded him 1024, A. D. ? 

202. What house came upon the German throne, in the person 
of Conrad II. ? 

203. Who reigned in France, England, and Scotland, cotempo- 
rary with him ? 

204. Who succeeded him 1039, A. D., and what is said of 
him? 

205. Wlio :h^igned cotemporary with him in France, England, 
and Scotlai>|2 

206. Who succov<3ed him ? 

207. What commeujed 1073, A. D. ? 

208. What contention^ beo-an the same year ? 

209. Who was Hildebrand? 

210. What is said of Hemy, 1076, A. D., and what followed ? 

211. Who reigned cotemporary with Henry IV., in France, 
England, and Scotland? 



GERMANY. 51 

[From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 

212. Wlio succeeded Henry IV., and what is said of him ? 

213. Did he also become king of Italy] 

214. Who reigned cotemporary with him in France, England, 
and Scotland] 

215. Who succeeded Henry V., in Germany and Italy, and 
w^ho reigned cotemporary with him in England, France, and 
Scotland ] 

21 G. Who succeeded Lothaire II ] 

217. By whom was Conrad III. opposed ] 

218. To what does this give rise, and what follows? 

219. What house came upon the throne, in the person of Con- 
rad III. ] 

220. About how long had the house of Franconia reigned ? 

221. W^ho reigned in France, England, and Scotland, cotempo- 
rary with Conrad III.? 

222. Who succeeded Conrad III., and what is said of him ? 

223. W' hat cities did Frederic I. capture in Italy ? 

224. Who reigned cotemporary with him in France, England, 
and Scotland? 

225. Who succeeded him? 

226. Who reigned cotemporary with Henry VI., in France, 
England, and Scotland? 

227. Who succeeded Henry VI., and what is said of him? 

228. Who reigned cotemporary with Philip, in France, England, 
and Scotland? 

229. Who had been elected king of Sicily, 1197, A. D. ? (See 
Italy.] 

230. What is said of him 1212, A. D. ? 

231. What is said of the emperor Frederic II. ? 

232. Who reigned cotemporary with him in France, England, 
and Scotland ? 

233. What famous league formed 1241, A. D., and for what 
purpose? 

234. Who succeeded Frederic II. ? 

235. What was the state of the empire from the time of his 
death to 1273, A. D. ? 

23G. Who came upon the throne 1273, A. D., and what is said 
of him? 

237. What house came to the throne in the person of Rodolph I.? 

238. About how long had the house of Suabia held the throne 
of the empire? '. 

239. Who are mentioned in France, England, and Scotland, 
cotemporary with Rodolph ? 



53 GERMANY. 

[From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 

240. Who succeeded him'? 

241. Who succeeded Adolphus] 

242. What is said of Albert, and what of his bailiffs 1 

243. What follows, 1307, A. D. ] 

244. Who succeeded Albert 1.1 

245. Who reigned cotemporary with Henry VII., in France, 
England, and Scotland 1 

246. Who succeeded him] 

247. What events mentioned in French and English history 
the same year that Louis V. came upon the throne ] 

248. What sovereigns, of these powers, cotemporary with 
Louis V. 1 

249. What invention took place under his reign 1 

250. What event mentioned 1333, A. D.I 

251. What followed, 1338, A. D. '? 

252. Wlio succeeded Louis V., of Bavaria? 

253. Who reigned cotemporary with Charles IV., in France, 
England, and Scotland 1 

254. What did he do seven years after he came upon the throne 
of the empire? 

255. Who was the successor of Charles IV., and what is his 
character ] 

256. Who reigned cotemporary with Winceslaus, in France, 
England, and Scotland 1 

257. Who succeeded Winceslaus, in France, England, and 
Scotland 1 

258. Who reigned cotemporary with Robert, count palatine in 
England? 

259. Who succeeded him? 

260. What took place durino- the reio-n of Sigismund, 1415 and 
1416, A. D.? 

261. What took place nine years after he came upon the throne ? 

262. Who reigned cotemporary with him in France, England, 
and Scotland ? 

263. Who succeeded, 1438, A. D. ? 

264. What house came to the throne in the person of Albert 11.? 

265. About how long had the house of Hapsburg reigned ? 

266. Who succeeded Albert II., after a reign of two years ? 

267. What great invention about the middle of this century ? 

268. What war six years after Fred. III. came upon the throne ? 

269. Who reigned in France, England, and Scotland, cotempo- 
rary with Fred. III.? 

270. By whom was the empire invaded daring his reign? 



CERMANV, PAPAL CHURCH. 53 

[From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 

271. What noted writer flourished under his reign T 

272. Who succeeded Frederic III. 1 

PAPAL CHURCH. 

273. Name some of the popes who ruled between 10 and llOOt 
A. D.? 

274. What is said of most of them 1 

275. W^ho became pope 1073? 

276. What contentions immediately commenced ] 

277. What did he order 1077, A. D. ? 

278. Who reigned cotemporary with him in Germany, France, 
England, and Scotland ? 

279. What is said of the passion for pilgrimage about this 
time 1 

280. How were Christian pilgrims treated by the Mahometans 1 

281. Who came upon the papal throne 1088, A. D. ? 

282. Date of the first crusade excited by the preaching of Peter 
the Hennit 1 

283. What followed the next year? (See Mahometans.) 

284. What was the result of the siege of Nice? 

285. What city did they next capture? 

286. What followed the capture of Antioch ? 

287. What battle the next year, and result ? 

288. What took place 1099, A. D. ? 

289. Who came upon the papal throne this year ? 

290. By whom was he taken prisoner ? 

291. Whatcouncil 1123, A. D., and for what purpose? 

292. What is said of scholastic philosophy ? 

293. What parties ciiginated in Germany, 1138, A. D., and 
what is said of them ? 

294. With ivhom was the pope engaged in a contest 1142, A. 
D., and what followed? 

29.'^. How did Louis atone for his crime ? 

296. By whom was the second crusade excited, and about what 
time ? 

297. Who came upon the papal throne 1159, A. D. ? 

298. Who reigned cotemporary with him in Germany, France, 
England, and Scotland ? 

299. What council called 1178, A. D., and against whom? 

300. W^ho comes upon the papal throne 1187, A. D., and what 
power is first assumed by him? 

301. Wlio became pope 1194, A. D. ? 

302. W^ho reigned cotemporary with him in Germany, France, 
England, and Scotland ? 

e3 



54 PAPAL CHURCH, CHURCH IN THE WILDERNESS, ITALY. 

[From 1000 A. D. to 1600 A. D.] 

303. What sovereign did he excommunicate T 

304. What sovereign resigned his crown to him 1 

305. What institution established by him 1204, A. D. ? 

306. What took place 1209, A. D. T 

307. W' hat council six years after, and what doctrines were 
established at this council 1 

308. What prohibition introduced 1229, A. D. 1 

309. By whom were the popes at this time opposed 1 

310. What order estabikhed 1256, A. D. ? 

311. Who became pope l'-:i94, A. D., and how long was this 
after the election of Innocent HI. 1 

312. Who reigned cotemporary with Boniface VIII., in Ger- 
many, France, and England? 

313. What event 1308, A. D. 1 

314. What council three years after, and w\iat was done at this 
council ] 

315. Was there any pope from 1314 to 1316] 

316. What claim did the pope set up in Germany, 1323, A. D.I 

317. What is said of the court of Rome this century ] 

318. Wliat followed in Germany fifteen years after the pope 
claimed the crown of the empire 1 

319. What disputes mentioned about this time? 

320. What great reformer appeared about this time in England, 
and what is said of him ] 

321. How long did the seat of the pope remain at Avignon? 

322. When was it removed to Rome, and what followed ? 

323. What council called 1414, and what followed ? 

324. What great German reformers buvned by this council ? 

325. What rites established 1438, A. D. 1 

320. What is said of the history of the CHURCH IN THE 
WILDERNESS, after the establishment of the inquisition? 

327. Who was Reinerius ? 

328. When was he sent against the Waldenses? 

329. What does he say of them ? 

330. What is said of their doctrines ? 

331. What was the condition of ITALY, during the first forty 
years of this division ? 

332. What cities become important about the beginning of this 
division ? 

333. What were their governments ? 

334. When were they founded ? 

335. By what are they greatly enriched ? 

336. Who became king of Italy 1003, and what followed? 



ITALV, MAHOMETANS. 55 

[From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 

337. What took place the next year 1 

338. What conquest made in Italy, 1041, A. D., and by whoml 

339. Who was the first duke] 

340. Who succeeded William, as dukeT 

341. Who came upon the throne of Italy, 1106, A. D. ] 

342. What study revived about the middle of this century? 

343. Who invaded Italy several times tov^^ards the last of this 
century 1 

344. What cities did he capture 1 

345. W^hat peace 1183, and w^hat is said of it? 

346. Who came npon the throne of Sicily, 1197, A. D., and 
what is said of him 1 

347. What two powers were several times at war this century 1 

348. Who came upon the throne of the Sicilies, 1265, A. D., 
and what is said of him 1 

349. What noted divine flourished towards the last of this 
century ? 

350. What massacre took place 1282, A. D. ? 

351. Who at this time added Sicily to his dominions? (See 
Arragon.) 

352. Who at this time reigned in Germany, France, England, 
and Scotland ? 

353. What remarkable invention soon after in Italy, and date? 

354. What is said of the condition and prosperity of Italy, this 
century ? 

355. What celebrated poet flourished in the early part of this 
century ? 

SS6. What two noted literary characters soon after the middle 
of iVi^ century ? 

357. Wha\--elebrated house gained the ascendency in Florence, 
towards the i^^t of this century? 

358. What is said of this city soon after ? 

359. What was the state of Italy during the next century ? 

360. Who began to rule in rvorence, 1429, A. D., and who in 
1466? 

361. What wars mentioned in Italy, laiq century? 

362. What literature was much cultivated i«v Italy by the mid- 
dle of this century ? 

363. Into what other countries was it soon after introi-iced ? 

364. What celebrated scholars flourished among the MAHOM- 
ETANS, at the beginning of this division? 

365. What improvement introduced by the Saracens into Eu- 
rope, about 1000, A. D. ? 



56 MAHOMETANS, MOGUL TARTARS. 

[From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 
3GG. When was Bagdad taken from the Saracens by the Turks 1 
3G7. What is said of the power of the caliphs, from this time? 
3G8. How many Turkish sultannies were erected between 1055 

and 1080, A. DA 
3G9. What took place 1065, A. D. 1 

370. What is said of Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem, towards 
the last of this century 1 

371. What tremendous wars followed, and what was the object 
of these wars 1 

372. When was Jerusalem finally rescued from the Mahome- 
tans 1 

373. Who led the Turks, when they were defeated at the siege 
of Nice? 

374. Who defeated the Turks, 1098, A. D., and what was the 
number of their army 1 

375. When was the second crusade proclaimed against the 
Mahometans "^ 

37G. What European sovereigns led armies against them 1 

377. Wliat was the fate of these armies? 

378. What is said of the power of the crusaders, 1150, A. D. ? 

379. What did the second crusade cost Europe? 

380. Who became sultan of Egypt, 1171, A. D., and what was 
his character ? 

381. What countries did he subdue? 

382. What conquest did he make, 1187, A. D.? 

383. What sovereign headed the third crusade, and what city 
did betake, 119f, A. D. ? 

384. What is further mentioned the same year? 

385. What took place at the death of Saladin? 

386. Who soon after conquered Egypt, and about b-^^v long did 
they rule ? 

387. Who were the Mamelukes originallj- ■ 

388. What conquest did they make^i^^G8, A. D. ? 

389. What city did they capture ^-9^ A. D., and what kmg- 
dom ended here ? 

390. What o-reat sov't^ign of the MOGUL TARTARS, had a 
short time°bef^'^^ this, ravaged Asia? 

391. W^hat conquests did he make previous to entering Persia? 

392. A* what date did he enter Persia, and how long was he 
in subjecting it? 

393. In what direction did he next march ? 

394. How was his kingdom divided ? 

395. What did his empire include ? 



MOGUL TARTARS, TARTARS, TURKS. 67 

[From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 

396. What is said of Ougtai Khan, one of his successors'? 

397. What is said of Batu Khan 1 

398. In what great battle did he defeat the Poles 1 

399. What was the ccuse of the decline of the Mogul power 1 

400. Who founds the new empire of the TARTARS? 

401. What is said of his family 1 

402. About how long after Genghis' invasion of Persia, before 
Tamerlane founds his empire J 

403. What is said of him 1334, A. D. 1 

404. What does he do 1393, A. D. 1 

405. What is said of him three years after this? 

406. What 1398, A. D. ] 

407. What took place 1402, A. D. T 

408. Tn what battle did he defeat the Turks ? 

409. What was the cause of the destruction of his empire? 

410. What did his empire include? 

411. Who founded the new empire of the TURKS, and when? 

412. Who succeeded Othman, and what did he make his 
capital ? 

413. What conquests did he make 1330-31, A. D.? 

414. Whom did he marry ? 

115. Who was John Cantacusenus ? (See Eastern Empire.) 

416. Who succeeded Orchan? 

417. What is said of him two years after he came upon the throne? 

418. Who succeeded Amurath L? 

419. What took place 1390, A. D? 

420. With what other great conqueror did Bajazet come in 
contact? 

421. What great battle, when, and what was the result? 

422. What was the state of Turkey, ten years after this battle? 

423. Who then came upon the throne ? 
42 1. Who succeeded ^Iahomet I. ? 

425. What attempt did Amurath II. make 1422, A. D.? 

426. Who succeeded Amurath II. ? 

427. What great event took place two years after he came upon 
the throne, and what was the date of this event? 

428. What privileges were granted to the citizens? 

429. What further conquests were made by Mahomet II. ? 

430. Who succeeded Mahomet 11., and what is said of him? 

EASTERN, OR GREEK EMPIRE. 

431. Mention some of the sovereigns that flourished between 
10 and 1100, A. D. 



5S EASTERN EMPIRE, POLAND. 

[From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 

432. What event took place 105 1, A. D. 1 

433. Who came upon the throne 1081, A. D. 1 

434. W^hat is said of the state of the empire about the close of 
this century 1 

435. Wlio was upon the throne at the time of the first crusade 1 
43G. What is said of the empire during' the next century ] 

437. Who ascended the throne 1118, A. D., and what was his 
character 1 

438. Who succeeded him 1143, A. D., and with whom does 
he war ] 

430. Who ascended the throne 1204, A. D. ] 

440. About how long did Constantinople remain subject to the 
French or Latin emperors'? 

441. Who ascended the throne on their expulsion 12G1, A. D. 1 

442. Who succeeded Michael Paleologus] 

443. What t^ok place the year before he came to the throne ? 

444. What event is mentioned 1310, A. D. ? 

445. What 1420, A. D., and what followed ] 

446. Who succeeded Andronicus II. 1 

447. Wlio succeeded Andronicus the Younger] 

448. Who acted as regent 1 

449. What is afterwards said of the condition of the empire? 

450. By whom was Constantinople besieged 1422, A. D.I 

451. When, and by whom, was it finally captured 1 

452. Who was the first king of POLA.ND, and what is said 
of hiiTi ] 

453. By whom was Poland governed previous to 1000, A. D. 1 

454. Who ascended the throne 1079, A. D. 1 

455. Who succeeded him 1102, A. D. ] 

456. Who succeeded Boleslaus III., and what took place under 
his reign 1 

457. Who succeeded Ladislaus II. 1 

458. Who ascended the throne 1178, and what is said of him? 

459. By whom were the Poles, together with the Teutonic 
order and dukes of Silesia, severely defeated 1241, A. D. 1 

460. With whom did the Poles have severe contests during the 
early part of the next century 1 

461. Who came to the throne 1333, A. D., and what is said 
of him 1 

462. What warlike people were subjected during his reign 1 

463. Who succeeded Cassimir III."? 

464. Who succeeded Louis the Great? 

465. What house came to the throne in the person of Ladislaus v.? 



POLAND, SWEDEN, DENMARK. 59 

[From lOGO A. D, to 1500 A. D.] 

466. What event took place the next year 1 

467. What sovereigns of the powers that have been mentioned 
flourished at this time 1 

468. What is said of Ladislaus V., 1411, A. D. ? 

469. Who succeeded Ladislaus V., and what took place under 
his reign? 

470. What war 1454—66, A. D. 1 

471. What peace 1466, and what were the terms? 

472. Who ascended the throne 1492, A. D. 1 

473. What is said of the early history of SWEDEN? 

474. About what time was Christianity introduced into Sweden 
and Denmark ? 

475. Who were contending for dominion between 11 and 1200, 
A. D.? 

476. What took place about 1250, A. D. ? 

477. What about 1275, A. D. ? 

478. What conquest was soon after made ? 

479. Who came to the throne 1363, A. D. ? 

480. What is said of him three years after ? 

481. Who came to the throne of Sweden, 1388, A. D. ? 

482. What followed, 1397, A. D.? 

483. What were the terms of that union ? 

484. About what time were these kingdoms again separated, 
and who then ascended the Swedish throne? 

485. About what time were they again separated ? 

486. Who was king of DENMARK, 1000, A. D. ? 

487. W^hen did he invade England the second time, and when 
become king? 

488. Who succeeded Sweyn, and what is said of him? 

489. Who succeeded Canute II. ? 

490. What followed under the next king ? 

491. Who were at this time sovereigns of Germany, France, 
England, and the E. Empire? 

492. What is said of the condition of Denmark? 

493. What event mentioned 1105, A. D. ? 

494. Who ascended the throne 1157, A. D., and what is said 
of him ? 

495. Who reigned, cotemporary with Waldemar I., over the 
principal powers that have been named ? 

496. Who ascended the throne 1203, A. D., and what is said 
of him? 

497. What took place 1243, A. D. ? 



60 DENMARK, SPAIN. 

[From 1000 A. D, to 1500 A. D.] 

498. What new representations in parliament, 1280, A. D. I 

499. Who was upon the throne 13G8, A. D. ] 

500. Who then leagued against him, and what followed T 

501. .Who ascended the throne 1387, A. D., and what is said 
of her] 

502. What took place 1397, A. D. T 

503. Who were the principal sovereigns that have been named 
cotemporary with Margaret? 

501. What house came to the throne 1448, A. D. ? 

505. What is said of the Mahometans in SPAIN, after 1000, 
A. D. ? 

506. What saved them from being driven from its borders? 

507. Who became king of Spain about 1000, A. D.? 

508. In how many divisions did he leave his dominions ? 

509. Who had Castile? 

510. What addition did he soon after make to his kingdom, 
and how 1 

511. Who succeeded him? 

512. Wiiat knightly hero flourished under Alphonso VI., and 
what is said of him 1 

513. Name some of the principal characters cotemporary with 
Alphonso VI. 1 

514. Who succeeded him, and whom did she marry? 

515. With whom did she make war? 

516. Who succeeded her, and what is said of him ? 

517. Who became king of Castile 1158, A. D., and what is 
said of him ? 

518. What took place 1236, A. D. ? 

519. Wlio came to the throne 1252, A. D., and what is said 
of him ? 

520. What prominent characters flourished cotemporary with 
him? 

521. What is said of Ferdinand IV., soon after 1300? 

522. What facts mentioned during the reign of Alphonso XI. ? 

523. Who succeeded Alphonso XI., when, and what followed ? 

524. After having been driven from his throne, by whom was 
he restored ? 

525. What struggles in Italy about this time ? 

526. Who ascended the throne 1406, A. D. ? 

527. Who governed John, and what followed ? 

528. Who was appointed the successor of the next king ? 

529. With what people were the kings of Castile and Leon 
often at war during this division? 



SPAIN, ENGLAND. 61 

[From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 

530. With whom were the kings of Arragon often at war during 
the same time 1 

531. What took place 1479, A. D. ? What kingdom com- 
mences herel 

532. What great events took place soon after, and date? 

533. What was the origin of the kingdom of PORTUGAL ? 

534. Who succeeded Henry, as count? 

535. What is said of Alphonso II., 1129, A. DJ 

536. Who ascended the throne 1279, A. D. ? 

537. Who came upon the throne 1385, A. D. 1 

538. What took place during his reign"? 

539. W^ho ascended the throne 1438, A. D., and what disco- 
veries made during his reign? 

540. What is said of the report of these discoveries? 

541. Who succeeded Alphonso V., the African? 

542. What further discoveries took place, and date? 

Tentk Division, or Division of Light; 

Extends from 1500 A. D., or from the Reformation to the 
present time. 

1. Who was upon the throne of ENGLAND, at the begin- 
ning of this division? 

2. Who succeeded Henry VII., when, and at what age.? 

3. W^hat is said of his character? 

4. Who was upon the throne of Scotland, at the beginning 
of this division? 

5. What battle 1513, and result? 

6. What title did Henry receive, from whom, and for what? 

7. What took place 1533, A. D. ? 

8. What was the fate of Anne Boleyn? 

9. How many wives had Henry VIII. ? 

10. What is said of Henry, after opposing the reformation 
twenty years ? 

11. Who succeeded Henry VIII., and what was his character? 

12. W^hat is said of him? 

13. WHiat religious denomination founded during his reign, 
and at what date ? 

14. How long did Edward VI. reign? 

15. Who succeeded him, and when? 

16. What is Mary styled, and what is said of her? 

17. What followed the next year? 

18. What persecutions during his reign? 

F « 



[From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 

19. Who succeeded Mary, and when'? 

20. What is said of the reign of Elizabeth? 

21. What took place 1564, A. B.I 

22. What 1585, A. D. ? 

23. What 1586, and what the next year"? 

24. What victory over the Spanish 1588, A. D.I 

25. W^hat took place ei^ht years after this 1 

26. What took place 1603, A. D.I 

27. Who succeeded James IV., in Scotland? 

28. Who ruled durinsr his minority? 

29. Who succeeded James V., and at what age? 

30. Where was she sent to receive her education, and what 
followed ? 

31. Who urged on the reformation in Scotland ? 

32. What took place 1560, A. D.? 

33. Whom did Mary marry 1565, A. D., and what took place 
two years after? 

34. What the next year? 

35. What university founded by James VI. ? 

36. When did James succeed to the throne of England 

37. Was he still called James VI. of England? 

38. What union took place on this event ? 

39. What House came to the throne of England, in the person 
of James VI. of Scotland, and I. of England ? 

40. About how long had the House of Tudor occupied the 
throne ? 

41. Name some of the great characters who flourished during 
his reign, and the latter part of the reign of Elizabeth ? 

43. What event noticed two years after James came to the 
throne of England? 

43. What important translation made during his reign? 

44. Who succeeded James I., and when ? 

45. Wliat was the character of Charles I. ? 

46. What took place the same year that he came upon the 
throne ? 

47. What discovery about this time, and by whom? 

48. What took place 1630, A. D. ? 

49. What event mentioned eleven years after this ? 
50- W^hat the next year after the execution of Stafford ? 

51. What battles followed? 

52. What event the next year after these battles? 

53. What battle 1645, A. D., and result? 

54. What events 1649, A. D. ? 

55. What battle 1651, A. D., and result? 



ENGLAND. 63 

[From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 

56. What does Cromwell do 1653, A. D.l 

57. What war followed soon after 1 

58. What event of this war mentioned 1 

59. Who succeeded Oliver Cromwell, and what did he do 
after a short reign ] 

60. What event 1660, A. D. 1 

61. Against what power was war declared four years after 
Charles II. came upon the throne ? 

62. W^hat great poet flourished during the reign of Cromwell 
and of Charles II. ] 

63. What pretended conspiracy 1678, A. D., and what fol- 
lowed 1 

64. W^hat plot five years after this, and what followed 1 

65. Who succeeded Charles II., 1685, A. D., and what was 
his character 1 

66. What is further said of him and his court"? 

67. What act passed two years after he came upon the throne 1 

This act, passed by parliament, provides that every prisoner shall 
be brought before a judge, and the cause of his detainer certified, 
when the judge is bound to release him, if the cause of his imprison- 
ment is insufficient or illegal. 

68. What great event took place the next year, and date 1 

69. What is this event styled 1 

70. What office did William fill before he became king. 
(See Holland.) 

71. What period of English history begins here. 

72. After James had returned to Ireland, where he was ac- 
knowledged king, what followed 1691, A. D. ? 

73. What noted characters flourished about 1700, A. D. 

74. W^ho succeeded William, and when"? 

75. W^hat great war embroiled Europe at this time, and for 
what was it undertaken. (See France and Spain ) 

76. What conquest made from Spain, 1704, A. D., and by 
whom 1 

77. What three battles mentioned between 1704 and 1709, 
and result? 

78. What is this war called in American history. (See 
America.) 

79. What peace 1713, and what possessions ceded by France 
to Great Britain, by this treaty ] 

80. Who succeeded Anne, and when? 

81. What House came to the throne in the person of George I.? 

82. What event the next year? 

83. What strange proceeding referred to 1719, A. D. 1 



64 ENGLAND. 

[From 1500 A. D. to 1800 A. D.] 
The avowed object of the proposers of tliis scheme was to consoli- 
date the nalio7ial debt. This was to be done by making the South 
Sea company the sole pubhc creditor. Stocks belonging to the com- 
pany sold for many times their value ; the government and Bank of 
England became deeply involved; next year "the bubble burst;" 
immense fortunes were made by some, while muhitudes were ruined. 
Several individuals were punished by parliament as projectors of the 
fraud. 

84. Who succeeded George I., and when? 

85. What war commenced, twelve years after he came to the 
throne 1 

86. What took place 1745, A. D. 1 

87. What battles followed, and result ? 

88. What war soon after, and when did it begin, and what 
was its cause 1 

89. Who succeeded George II., and when 1 

90. What important event mentioned the same year? 

91. By whom had Quebec been taken the year previous'? 
(vSee America.) 

92. What is this war called in American history 1 

93. How did this close, and when? 

94. What events mentioned in English history, two years 
after 1 

95. What followed the extension of the stamp act to North 
America 1 (See America.) 

96. What took place during the next two years'? 

97. What was the etfect of this renewal of duties? 

98. What followed, 17G8, A. D.? 

99. What 1770, and what 1773, A. D.l 

100. What events mentioned 1774, A. D. "? 

101. Mention sonae of the principal events that transpired during 
the next nine years. 

102. When did the American Colonies declare independence! 

103. When was their independence acknowledged by England 1 

104. Mention some of the principal statesmen of Great Britain, 
during the last half of this century 1 

105. What other noted literary characters flourished ? 

lOG. What great revolution agitated Europe about the close of 
this century 1 

107. What naval victory gained by the British, 1794, A. D. ■? 

108. What 1797 and 98, A. D. ? 

109. What rebellion in 1799 ? 

110. What followed the next year, and what in 1803 1 

111. What great naval victory gained by the English, 1805, 
A.D.? 



ENGLAND. 65 

[From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 

112. Whose ministry succeeded on Pitt's death, 18061 

113. What other great statesman died the same year? 

114. What ministry succeeded the next year? 

115. What important act passed by parliament this year? 

116. What war declared? 

117. With whom was peace made the next year? 

118. What ministry succeeded, 1810, A. D. ? 

119. What is said of the middle and lower classes from 1813 
to 1830? 

120. What event took place 1811, A. D.? 

121. What war began 1812, and with what enemy was peace 
made the same year ? 

122. When was peace made with the United States, and when 
with France ? 

123. Who succeeded George III., and when ? 

124. Who acted as first ministers under George IV. ? 

125. Wlio succeeded George IV. ? 

126. Who acted as first ministers during his reign? 

127. Who succeeded William IV.? 

128. What event mentioned the same year? 

129. Who was upon the throne of FRANCE at the beginning 

of this division, and what is said of him ? 

130. What league formed in Italy against the French, 1510, 
A. D.? 

131. With whom were the French at this time contending in 
Italy, and for what ? 

132. How long did this contention last, and what was the result ? 

133. Vv ho reigned in France during this struggle, and who in 
Spain? 

134. Who reio-ned in England and Scotland cotemporary with 
Louis XII. f 

135. Who succeeded Louis XII., and what was his character? 

136. What event mentioned five years after Francis I. came 
upon the throne ? 

137. With whom did he engage in war the next year? 

138. What battle 1525, A. D., and result? 

139. Who reigned cotemporary with Francis, in England and 
Scotland ? 

140. Who succeeded Francis I. ? 

141. What great theologian flourished during his reign? 

142. Who reigned cotemporary with Henry III., in England 
and Scotland ? 

143. W^ho succeeded Henry II., and what is said of him? 



66 FRANCE. 

[From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 

144. Who reined in England and Scotland cotemporary with 
Francis IT. 1 

145. Who succeeded Francis II., and when? 

146. What other events mentioned this year? 

147. Who reigned in England and Scotland cotemporary with 
Charles IX. ? 

148. What event mentioned towards the close of his reign, and 
at what date 1 

149. W^ho succeeded Charles IX., and what was his character? 

150. What event mentioned the next year? 

151. Who reigned in England and Scotland cotemporary with 
Henry III. 1 

152. Who succeeded Henry III., and what was his character"? 

153. What house came to the throne in the person of Henry IV.? 

154. What is said of Henry IV., 1590, A. D. ? 

155. What, three years after 1 

156. What event mentioned 1598, A. D. ? 

157. By what great statesman was Henry IV. aided, and what 
is said of his reign? 

158. What put a stop to his reign? 

159. Who reigned in England and Scotland cotemporary with 
Henry IV. ? 

160. Who succeeded Henry IV.? 

IGl. What event mentioned 1627, A. D.? 

162. Who acted as prime minister during the last eighteen 
years of the reign of Louis XIII. ? 

163. W^hat other noted characters flourished during his reign? 

164. Of what war was Germany at this time the theatre ? 

165. After waging war against the protestants in France, with 
whom did Richelieu unite in this war? 

166. What change in Italy about this time. (See Italy.) 

167. Who reigned in England cotemporary with Louis XIII.? 

168. Who succeeded Louis XIII., and at what age? 

169. What victories gained daring the first three years of his 
reign ? 

170. What claim did he institute 1667, A. D. ? 

171. What war followed ? 

172. What nation joined Holland ? 

173. What was the condition of France, at the close of this 
war? 

174. What event unfortunate for France, 1685, A. D., and what 
followed ? 

175. How many protestants fled to Prussia, and what is said 
of them? (See Prussia.) 



FRANCE. 67 

[From 1500 A. D. to 1815 A. D.] 

176. What war followed soon after, and dale? 

177. How were the powers of Europe divided 1 

178. Who were generally successful ? 

179. What was the cause of this war? (See Spain.) 

180. Mention some of the battles fought, and result. (See Eng.) 

181. Who headed the German forces in Italy, and with what 
success? (See Italy.) 

182. What peace 1713, A. D., and what possessions did France 
then surrender to England 1 

183. What peace the next year between France and the Ger- 
man Empire? (See Germany.) 

184. What prominent literary characters flourished in France 
during the reign of Louis XIV.? 

185. What sovereigns and literary characters in England co- 
temporary with him ? 

186. W^ho succeeded Louis XIV. ? 

187. W^hat schemes in Spain, 1717, A. D. ? (See Spain.) 

188. What followed the next year? 

189. With whom was war declared 1733, A. D. ? 

190. What peace five years after? 

191. What war soon after embroils the principal powers of 
Europe ? See Germany. 

192. When does it begin, and end, and by what peace is it 
closed ? 

193. What victories did the French gain during this war? 

194. What war began eight years after the peace of Aix-la- 
Chapelle? 

195. What was the cause of this war? (See England.) 

196. What is this war called in American history? (See 
America.) 

197. What alliance did the French make this year, and against 
whom was it directed ? 

198. What war had commenced this year? (See Prussia.) 

199. What took place 1760, A. D.? 

200. What took place the next year? (See Spain.) 

201. By what pence was the war closed, and when? 

202. What noted writers flourished during the reign of Louis 
XV.? 

203. What sovereigns and prominent literary characters in 
England, cotemporary with Louis XV.? 

204. Who succeeded Louis XV. ? 

205. What war began between England and America, soon 
after Louis XVI. came to the throne ? 

206. By what peace was the war closed 1783, A. D. ? 



68 FRANCE. 

[From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 

207. What had from the first been the situation of Louis XVI.? 

208. What took place 1789, A. B.I 

209. What the next year"? 

210. What in 1792] 

211. What events mentioned 1793, A. B.l 

212. What was the union that took place between the principal 
powers of Europe this year, called 1 (See Portugal.) 

213. By whom was the French fleet defeated 1794? (See 
England ) 

214. What battle fought soon after Napoleon was appointed 
to the command of the army in Italy, and result 1 (See Italy.) 

215. What took place in Italy, 1802, A. D. ] 

216. By what celebrated admiral was the French fleet defeated 
1798 and 1805, A. D., and in what battles? 

217. What celebrated victories did Napoleon gain 1798 and 
1799, A. D. ? (See Turkey.) 

218. What one 1800, A. D. 1 (See Germany.) 

219. When was he crowned emperor of France? 

220. What noted victory did he gain over the emperors of 
Austria and Russia, 1805, A. D. 1 (See Austria.) 

221. In what battle did he defeat the Prussians, 1806, A. D.l 
(See Prussia.) 

222. Whom did he make king of Naples this year, and who 
of Holland 1 

223. What confederation did he form this year 1 (See Germany.) 

224. What peace next year with Prussia and Russia 1 (See 
Russia.) 

225. Whom did Napoleon make king of Spain, on his invasion 
of that country 1808, A. D. 1 

226. In what two battles did he defeat the Austrians the next 
year, and what peace followed 1 (See Austria.) 

227. What took place 1812, A. D. 1 

228. What great battle mentioned Sept. 7 1 (See Russia.) 

229. How long after this before the French enter Moscow, and 
in what condition did they find it? 

230. What followed, Oct. 18? 

231. After his disastrous campaign to Russia, what great battle 
followed, 1813, A. D., and result? 

232. What followed ? 

233. Who headed the allies when they entered Paris ? (See 
Russia ) 

234. Who was placed upon the throne on the banishment of 
Napoleon to Elba ? 

235. What was the character of Louis XIII. ? 



FRANCE, GERMAN EMPIRE. 69 

[From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 

236. What great battle followed on the return of Napoleon 
from Elba, 1815, and what was the result? 

237. What followed in July 1 

238. Who succeeded Louis XVII. 1 

239. What took place 1830, A. D. ? 
210. Who succeeded Charles X. ? 

241. Who was upon the throne of the GERMAN EMPIRE at 
the beginning of this division 1 

242. What prominent literary character flourished under his 
reign 1 

243. What great reformer, and when did he begin the reforma- 
tion? 

244. W\ho was pope at this time, and w^ho were the sovereigns 
of France and England 1 

245. Who became emperor of Germany two years after Luther 
began the reformation 1 

24G. What events mentioned 1521, A. D.I 

247. W'hat is said of Luther the next year? 

248. What conquests did Charles V. make in 1527 and 1535"? 

249. What took place 1529, A. D."? 

250. What proportion of the Germans were protestant by 1536 1 

251. What victory did Charles gain 1547, A. D. 1 

252. What 1556? 

253. Who succeeds Charles V., in Germany? 

254. Who reigns in France and England cotemporary with 
Ferdinand I. ? 

255. Who succeeds Ferdinand I., and what is said of him? 

256. Who reigns in England and France cotemporary with 
Maximilian II.? 

257. W^ho succeeds him, and with whom does he carry on war ? 

258. What does he publish soon after 1600, A. D., and what 
is their effect ? 

259. Who reigns in England and France cotemporary with 
Rodolph n. 

260. Who succeeds Rodolph II.? 

261. Who reigns in England and France cotemporary with 
him ? 

262. Who succeeds TNIatthias, and what is said of him ? 

263. When did the thirty years' war begin? 

264. What took place 1620, A. D. ? 

265. What league 1626, A. D. ? 

266. Who was Gustavus Adolphus? 

267. What victories did he gain in Germany 1 



70 GERMAN EMPIRE. 

[From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 

268. What treaty 1635, and on what condition'? 

269. What sovereigns and literary characters in England and 
France during this war 1 

270. W^hat was* the effect of this war on Prussia 1 

271. Who succeeded Ferdinand II. ? 

272. What peace finally concluded this war, and when 1 

273. What is said of the peace of Westphalia] 

274. Who succeeded Ferdinand III.] 

275. What league 1687, A. D. ] 

276. What sovereigns and great literary characters in England 
and France, cotemporary with Leopold ] 

277. Who succeeded Leopold I. ] 

278. What noted philosopher flourished during his reign] 

279. What was the state of Europe during his reign] 

280. What is said of prince Eugene, the leader of his forces, 
1706, A. D.] (See iialy.) 

281. Who were reigning in England and France during his 
reign ] 

282. Who succeeded Joseph I. ] 

283. What peace soon after, and what were the conditions] 

284. What does he do 1720, A. D., and what follows ] 

285. Who succeeded Charles VI., and by whose aid was he 
elected ] 

286. Who succeeded Charles VII., and by whose aid was he 
elected ] 

287. When did the war of the Austrian succession begin, and 
end ] 

288. How was this war terminated ] 

289. What celebrated church historian flourished during this 
war] 

290. Who became co-regent with Francis I., 1765, A. D. ] 

291. What is said of literature, and literary characters, in Ger- 
many, at this time ] 

292. What followed on the death of Maria Theresa ] 

293. Who reigned in England and France, cotemporary with 
Joseph 11. ] 

294. Who succeeded Joseph II. ] 

295. Who reigned in England cotemporary with Leopold II. ] 

296. What event mentioned 1793, A. D. ] 

297. What peace followed 1797, A. D., after the invasions of 
the French, and what were the terms of that treaty ] 

298. What battle mentioned 1800, A. D., and result] 

299. What peace the next year ] 

301. What event mentioned 1803, A. D. ] 



GERMAN EMPIRE, PRUSSIA. 71 

[From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 

302. What 1804, A. D. ? 

303. What battle 1805, A. D., and result, and what peace fol- 
lowed ] 

304. What confederation 1806 to 1813? 

305. On Bonaparte's invasion of Russia, 1812, A. D., what 
part did the Austrians take? 

306. With whom did they declare war, after his invasion? 

307. In what great battle was Napoleon soon after overthrown? 
(See France.) 

308. What congress of the European powers, 1814, A. D. ? 

309. What took place in Germany, 1816, A. D. ? 

310. When was PRUSSIA erected into a duchy, and by whom? 

311. Under what nation did Albert hold Prussia as a fief? 

312. What other important event noticed here? 

313. Who administered the government of Prussia during the 
first part of the next century ? 

314. What effect had the thirty years' war upon Prussia ? 

315. Who obtained the government of Prussia, 1640, A. D., 
and from whom did he receive it? 

316. What took place at the peace of Westphalia ? 

317. What event, fortunate for Prussia, took place 1685, A. D.? 

318. Who reigned in Germany, France, and England, cotem- 
porary with Frederic William the Great? 

319. Who succeeded Frederic William as duke? 

320. What followed, 1701, A. D. ? 

321. What sovereigns and literary characters in Germany, 
France, and England, cotemporary with Frederic I.? 

322. In what war was Europe involved during his reign? 

323. Who succeeded Frederic I. ? 

324. What is said of Frederic William I. ? 

325. What of his army? 

326. What was the state of the country under Frederic I., and 
Frederic William I. ? 

327. What sovereigns in England, France, and Germany, 
cotemporary with Frederic William I.? 

328. Who succeeded Frederic William I., and what was his 
character ? 

329. What war was carried on during his time, and when did 
it begin and end ? 

330. What conquest did he make from Austria ? 

331. What was the result of this war upon Prussia? 

332. What war soon after, and when did it begin? 

333. What was the cause of the seven years' war ? 



72 PRUSSIA, PAPAL CHURCH, ITALY. 

[From 1500 A. D, to 1845 A. D.] 

334. What powers were united in this war against Prussia 1 

335. Wiiat took place 1772, A. D. 1 

336. What sovereigns and noted characters in England, France, 
and Germany, cotemporary with Frederic II. ] 

337. Who succeeded Frederic II. 1 

338. W^ho reigned in England, France, and Germany, cotem- 
porary with Frederic William 11. ] 

339. Who succeeded Frederic William II. 1 

340. What war began soon after he came to the throne ] 

341. In what great battle was he defeated ? 

342. What followed, 1812, A. D. ? 

343. What took place at the congress of Vienna] 

344. What, 1815, A. D. 1 

345. What noted pope began to reign over the PAPAL 
CHURCH, 1503, A. D.] 

346. What league formed by him, and for what purpose 1 (See 
Italy.) 

347. W^ho was pope at the time Luther began the reformation? 

348. What did he do, 1520, A. D. ? 

349. What took place, 1540, A. D. 1 

350. What council, 1545, A. D.? 

351. For what was the pontificate of Gregory XIII. remarkable ? 

352. Who became pope, 1769, A. D., and what is said of 
h'lml 

353. Who succeeded Clement XIV. 1 

354. What followed, 1798, A.B.I 

355. Who succeeded Pius VI., and what is said of him, 1809, 
A. D. ] 

356. What took place, 1814, A. D. ] 

357. What is said of the efforts of the Roman Catholics, since 
the restoration of the Jesuits 1 

358. What was going on in ITALY, from 1500 to 1540? 

359. What league, 1510, A. D., and for what purpose? 

360. What noted writer flourished about this time? 

361. How did the contest between the French and Spanish in 
Italy, end ? 

362. What duchy established, 1579, A. D. ? 

363. What noted philosopher mentioned in Italy, during the 
early part of the next century ? 

364. What war between 1628 and 1631, A. D.? 

365. What follows? 

366. When were the French driven out of Italy, and by whom ? 

367. What war was at this time raging in Europe ? 



ITALY, SPAIN. 73 

[From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 
368. Who were at this time the sovereigns of England, France, 

Germany, and Prussia ] 
3G9. What conquest made in Italy, 1741 — 45, A. D. "? 

370. What war among the European powers at this time? 

371. W^hat was the state of Italy, after this war ] 

372. What battle soon after Napoleon was appointed to the 
command of the army in Italy? 

373. What republic founded the next year? 

374. What republic, 1802, A. D. T 

375. What followed, 1805, A. D.? 

376. Who were upon the throne of SPAIN, at the beginning 
of this division'? 

377. What great discovery had just been made under their 
protection, by whom, and when "? 

378. What important conquest the same year? 

379. What event mentioned 1501, A. D. ? 

380. What followed the death of Isabella, 1505, A. D. 1 

381. Who succeeded to the throne on the death of Ferdinand? 

382. What relation was Charles to Isabella] 

383. At what date, and at what age, did he ascend the throne? 

384. To what throne was he soon after elected, and what was 
he styled ? 

385. What claim had he to the German throne ? (See Germany.) 

386. What great reformation during his reign? 

387. What conquests in America by the Spaniards? 

388. What house came upon the Spanish throne, in the person 
of Charles v.? * 

389. W^hat is said of the comparative influence of Spain, 
towards the close of his reign ? 

. 390. In what struggle was Spain engaged in Italy, during what 
time, and what was the result? 

391. What did Charles do after a reign of forty years? 

392. What was the character of Philip II. ? 

393. What battle soon after he came to the throne, and 
result? 

394. What peace 1559, A. D. ? 

395. W^hat country subdued by him ? 

396. What revolt about the same time? 

397. By whom v/ere the Hollanders aided in their struggle? 

398. What great armament fitted out at this time, and with 
what success? 

399. What noted literary character lived during his reign and 
that of his successor ? 

G 



74 SPAIN, HOLLAND. 

[From 1500 A. D. to 1S45 A. D.] 

400. Name the sovereigns of P^ngland, France, and Germany, 
during the reign of Philip II. 

401. Who succeeded Philip II., and when T 
403. What was the character of Philip III. ] 

403. Wliat event 1G09, A. D. 1 

404. Name the prominent characters and events in England, 
France, and Germany, cotemporary with Philip III. 

405. WliD succeeded Philip III., and what is said of his 
character, and his reign ? 

406. What is said of the condition of Spain, during the early 
part of this century 1 

407. What is its state towards the close of this century 1 

408. With what nations was Spain at war, during the first 
half of the century 1 

409. What sea fight, 1639, and result? 

410. With what defeats did the Spaniards meet, between 1643 
and 1646, A. D. 1 (See France.) 

411. Who came to the throne of Spain, 1700, A. D., and what 
war followed ] 

412. Give some account of this war. 

413. What house came to the throne in the person of Philip Y.I 

414. What followed, 1717, A. D. ? 

415. What the next yearl (See France.) 

416. W^hat prominent characters cotemporary with Philip V.l 

417. What event noticed, 1761, A. D. ? 

418. What 1793, A. D.'? 

419. What, 1796, A. D. ? 

420. What defeat, 1800, A. B.I 

421. Who succeeds to the throne, 1808, A. D., and what 
follows 1 

422. Whom did Napoleon place upon the throne? 

423. What took place, 1814, A. D. 1 

424. What, 1835, A. D.? 

425. During whose reign, and for what cause, did HOLLAND 
revolt from Spain? 

426. Who was first elected stadtholder? 

427. Who was elected after the assassination of William ] 

428. From whom did the Dutch receive aid? 

429. What noted character flourished 1600, A. D.? 

430. What other celebrated characters cotemporary with Ar- 
minius ? 

431. What celebrated Dutch writer flourished towards the mid- 
dle of this century ? 



HOLLAND, NAPLES, PORTUGAL. 75 

[From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 

432. What prominent characters cotemporary with Grotiusl 

433. What war about the middle of this century'? 

434. What was the state of Holland, at this time? 

435. W^hat began, 1672, A. D., and what followed] 

43G. W^hat is said of the stadtholder, William III., 1689, A. B.I 

437. What claim had he to the English throne 1 

438. What prominent characters cotemporary with himl 

439. What noted Dutch physician soon after 1700, A. D. 1 

440. What is said of Holland towards the middle of this 
century ] 

441. What change in the government, 1747, A. D.I 

442. What war, 1780, A. D. ? 

443. What event mentioned, 1793, A. D. ] 

444. Under whom did the French invade Holland, 1795, A. D.I 

445. What republic was formed on the conquest of Holland 1 

446. Who was kinor, 1807—10, A. D.I 

447. What followed, 1814 and 15, A. D. ? 

448. What power proclaimed independent, 1831, A. D., and 
who is king 1 

449. W^hat is said of NAPLES, 1707, A. D. 1 

450. During what war was this 1 

451. About how long was this, since its conquest by Ferdinand 
of Spain] 

452. About how long since the acquisition of Sicily by John, 
the predecessor of Ferdinand 1 

453. Who completed the conquest of Naples, 1735, A. D. ? 

454. What house came to the throne at this time 1 

455. Give the principal events in the history of Naples and 
Sicily, since this time ] 

456. Who was king of PORTUGx\L, at the beginning of this 
division 1 

457. What discoveries had just been made by the Portuguese 1 

458. Wliat calamity about 1520, A. D. 1 

459. What event, 1540, A. D.? 

460. W^hat was at this time the commercial state of Portu- 
gan 

461. What is said of Lisbon 1 

462. What of the next king 1 

463. W^hat of the prosperity of Portugal, during his reign? 

464. What event, 1580, A.D.I 

465. How long were the Portuguese subject to Spain 1 

466. What took place, 1640, A. D.I 

467. What house here succeeds to the throne? 



76 PORTUGAL, DENMARK. 

[From 1500 A. D. to 1815 A. D.] 

468. Name some of the prominent kings previous to the French 
revolution 1 

469. What took place, 1793, A. D.I 

470. What events mentioned, 1807, A. D. 1 

471. What took place, 1811, A. D. ? 

472. Who was upon the throne of DENMARK and Sweden, 
at the beginning of this division? 

473. Who succeeded John I., and what is he styled ? 

474. What is said of him ? 

475. Who revolted about the time of his deposition T 

476. Who succeeded Christian III., and what is said of himi 
All. What power united with Denmark, 1533, A. D.l 

478. Who succeeds to the throne the next year, and what is 
said of him ] 

479. Who succeeds Christian III., and what is said of him"? 

480. What prominent characters cotemporary with Frederic II. ? 

481. What peace declared during his reign] 

482. Who succeeded Frederic II. ] 

483. What is said of Christian IV., 1625, A. D. 1 

484. What is said of manufactures, &c., about this timel 

485. Who succeeds Christian IV. ] 

486. What events mentioned, 1660, A. D.T 

487. What prominent ciiaracters cotemporary with Frederic III.'? 

488. Who succeeded him, 1670, A. D. "? 

489. What prominent characters cotemporary with Christian V.? 

490. W^ho succeeded Christian V., and about what time] 

491. What is said of Frederic IV. T 

492. What is said of manufactures, during his reign? 

493. What was the condition of the country ? 

494. Name the prominent characters cotemporary with Frede- 
ric IV. 

495. Who succeeds Frederic IV., and what is said of him? 

496. What prominent characters cotemporary with Christian 
VI.? 

497. Who succeeds Christian VI., and what is said of his 
character and his reign? 

498. Name the prominent characters cotemporary with Frede- 
ric V. 

499. Who succeeds Frederic V., and what is his character? 

500. What took place, 1801, A. D.? 

501. What, 1807, A. D. ? 

503. Who succeeded to the throne, 1808, A. D., after having 
been twenty-three years regent? 



SWEDEN. 77 

[From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 

503. With what power was SWEDEN united at the beginning 
of this century I 

504. What took place, 1522, A. D. ] 

505. About how long had it been since the formation of the 
union of Calmar 1 

50G. What event mentioned, 1528, A. B.I 

507. Wliat is further said of the country during the reign of 
Gustavus Vasa 1 

508. What house came to the throne, 1522, A. D. 1 

509. What prominent characters cotemporary with Gustavus 
Vasa 1 

510. Who succeeded to the throne, 1611, A. D., and what is 
said of him 1 

511. What war began in Germany soon after he ascended the 
throne ] 

512. What did he do, 1530, A. D. ] 

513. What battles did he fight, and what was the result of each 1 
(See Germany.) 

514. What prominent characters cotemporary with Gustavus 
Adolphus ] 

515. What is said of Sweden towards the last of this century? 

516. Who came to the throne, 1697, A. D., and at what agel 

517. What battle, 1700, A. D., and result? 

518. What battle did he gain the next year? 

519. In what battle was he finally defeated ? (See Russia.) 

520. Who succeeded Charles XII.? 

521. What was the state of Sweden, towards the middle of 
this century ? 

522. W^ho came to the throne, 1751, A. D., and what was his 
character? 

523. What house ascended the throne in the person of Adol- 
phus Frederic ? 

524. Wliat celebrated character flourished in Sweden during 
his reign ? 

525. W^hat is said of Sweden, 1800, A. D. ? 

526. What followed the next year? 

527. W^hat war, 1808, and what followed? 

528. What peace, 1810, A. D., and what marshal of France 
elected crown prince ? 

529. What war, 1818, A. D.? 

530. What country taken from Denmark and united to Sweden, 
1814, A. D.? 

531. What followed, 1818, A. D. ? 

g2 



78 POLAND. 

[Between 1500 A. D. and 1845 A. D.] 

532. Who was upon the throne of POLAND, at the beginning 
of this division ? 

533. Who succeeded John Albert, 1501, A. D. ] 

534. With what nations was he at war? 

535. What prominent characters cotemporary with Alexander 1 

536. Who succeeded him, and about what time ] 

537. What is said of Sigismund LI 

538. Wliat is the condition of Poland, during the latter part of 
his reign 1 

539. What noted characters cotemporary with Sigismund L ] 

540. Who succeeded him 1 

541. What noted characters cotemporary with Sigismund IL] 

542. What followed on the death of Sigismund IL, 1572, A. D.] 

543. What is said of the state of the government from the 
time of Sigismund IL 1 

544. Wiiat war began about IGOO, A. D., and how long did it last ] 

545. What look place, 1610, A. D. ] 

546. Wliat is said of the Poles in Russia, this year] (See 
Russia.) 

547. What followed, 1632, A. D. ? (See Russia.) 

548. Who ascended the throne of Poland, 1648, A. D. "? 

549. What victory did he gain the next year? 

550. What conquest made in Poland, during the reign of Mi- 
chael, 1672, and what followed ] (See Turkey.) 

551. What victory did his grand marshal, Sobieski, gain the 
next year? 

352. How long after this victory before Sobieski is created king, 
and what is said of him 1 

553. What prominent characters cotemporary with John Sobi- 
eski 1 

554. W^ho succeeded him ? 

555. Who came upon the throne of Sweden the same yearl 

556. What followed on his making war against Charles XIL, 
of Sweden? 

557. How long after the deposition of Frederic L, 1704, A. Do, 
before he was restored ? 

558. After what celebrated battle was he restored ? (See 
Russia.) 

559. What followed, 1715—17, A. D. ? 

560. What massacre, 1724, A. D. ? 

561. What was the state of Poland at this time? 

562. What took place, 1772, A. D.? 

563. Name the prominent characters cotemporary with Fred.L 



POLAND, RUSSIA. 79 

[Between 1500 A. D. and 1845 A. D.] 
Poland was at this time divided between Prussia, Austria and Russia. 

564. What took place, 1793, A. D., and what followed the next 
year 1 

565. What took place, 1795, A. J).1 

566. What took place, 1812, A. D., and what followed three 
years after 1 

567. What events mentioned, 1830, A. D. ? 

568. What followed the next year? 

569. Who was upon the throne of RUSSIA, at the beginning 
of this division 1 

570. About how long had he reigned? 

571. What is said of the history of Russia, previous to 1500, 
A. D.? 

572. To whom had the Russians for some time been subject 1 

573. What is said of John IV., 1544, A. D.f 

574. What event, 1571, A. D.I 

575. What event mentioned, 1581, and what 1610, A. D.I 

576. W^hat house ascended the throne, 1613, A. D.] 

577. What war renewed soon after, and what followed 1 

578. What is said of the condition of Russia, during the last 
half of this century 1 

579. Who began to reign, 1682, A. D. "? 

580. Who acted as regent? 

581. What was Peter afterwards styled 1 

582. What is said of him, 1497, A. D. 1 

583. By whom was he several times defeated 1 

584. In what battle was he defeated, 1700, A. D.I (See 
Sweden.) 

585. W^hat battle, 1709, A. D., and result^ 

586. What is further said of Peter the Great"? 

587. What prominent characters and events cotemporary with 
Peter the Great] 

588. What is said of Russia about the time of the close of this 
reign ] 

589. Mention some of his successors during the next 15 years. 

590. Who ascended the throne, 1741, A. D., and what was her 
character] 

591. What is said of her] 

592. What prominent characters cotemporary with her ] 

593. What followed, soon after the accession of her successor, 
Peterlll. of Holstein] 

594. Who was reigning in Russia, 1800, A. D. ] 
695. What Russian general enters Italy this year] 



80 RUSSIA, TURKEY. 

[Between 1500 A. D. and 1845 A. D.] 

596. What followed, 1801, A. D. ? 

597. Who ascended the Russian throne, 1801, A. D.l 

598. What peace, 1807, and w hat war declared soon after, and 
on what account ] 

599. What took place, 1812, A. D. 1 

600. What is said of Alexander, 1814, A. D., and what the 
next year ] 

601. Name the prominent characters cotemporary with Alex. 

602. Who succeeded Alexander, and what is his character'? 

603. What war, between 1828 and 1833? 

604. Who w^as upon the throne of TURKEY, at the beginning 
of this division] 

605. W^hat noted characters cotemporary with Bajazet II. ? 

606. W^ho succeeded Bajazet II., and what is said of himl 

607. What conquests did he make, 1516 — 17, A. D.I 

608. What prominent characters cotemporary with Selim ? 

609. Who succeeds Selim 1. 1 

610. What conquest two years after he ascended the throne? 

611. What took place, 1529, A. D. ? 

612. What followed three years after? 

613. What is said of the Turkish navy, during the reign of 
Solyman? 

614. What prominent characters cotemporary with Solyman I. ? 

615. Who succeeded Solyman L, and what was his character? 

616. What conquest did he make from the Venetians, 1571, 
A. D., and what followed the same year 1 

617. What took place, 1590, A. D. ? 

618. What victory did Mahomet gain, 1597, A. D.l 

619. What war, 1601—18, and what is said of it? 

620. Who ascended the throne, 1623, A. D., and what was his 
character 1 

621. What conquest did he make from Persia, 1638, A. D. 1 

622. What prominent characters cotemporary with Amurath 
IV.? 

623. What island is retaken from the Venetians, 1669, A. D. ? 
024. What conquest made by the Turks, 1672, A. D., and 

what followed ? 

625. What is said of Michael, the next year? (See Poland.) 

626. After repeated defeats for several years, what is said of 
the Turkish power about 1700, A. D. ? 

627. What is said of them, 1731—35, A. D.? 

628. Who was upon the throne, at the beginning of the French 
revolution ? 



TURKEY, PERSIA, CHINA, AMERICA. 



81 



[Between 1500 A. D. and 1845 A. D.] 

629. What battles followed, 1798—99, A. D. ] 

630. What revolt from Turkish oppression, 1822, A. D., and 
what followed "? 

631. What took place, 1826, A. D. ? 

632. What is now the condition of the Turkish empire 1 

633. When did GREECE declare independence, and what 
followed ] 

634. Where were the Greeks soon after massacred ] 

635. What took place the next year? 

636. What is said of the comparative naval power of the Greeks 
and Turks 1 

637. What followed the landing of the Egyptians in the Moreal 

638. What battle closed the war, and what was the result 1 

639. Who ascended the throne of PERSIA, 1501, A. D., and 
what is said of him "? 

640. What prominent characters cotemporary with Ismael 1 

641. Who ascended the throne, 1586, A. D., and what is said 
of himf 

642. What prominent characters cotemporary with Abbas I. ? 

643. W^hat is said of Persia under his reign, and what during 
the reign of his successors'? 

644. What is said of the successor of Abbas I. ? 

645. What is said of Thamasp Kouli Khan % 

646. What followed after his death ? 

647. By what dynasty was CHINA ruled after the expulsion 
of the Mogul Tartars ? 

648. By whom are the Chinese next subdued, and about what 
time] 

649. What sect have the ascendency in China, at this time? 

650. W^hat followed, 1664, and what 1692, A. D.? 

651. What arrival in China, 1705, A. D. ? 

652. What followed soon after 1 

653. W^ho ascended the throne of the empire, 1735, A. D. 1 

654. What event mentioned during his reign? 

655. Who succeeded him, 1796, A. D. ? 

656. What followed during his reign? 

657. Who succeeded Kia King, and when? 

658. W^hat important event since mentioned, and when? 

659. When, and by whom, was AMERICA discovered ? (See 
Spain.) 

660. About how long after the discovery of America, before the 
first permanent settlement by the English ? 



[Between 1500 A. D, and 1S45 A. D.] 

661. Date of the foundation of Jamestown, in Virginia 1 

662. How long- was tiiis after the union of England and Scot- 
land ? 

663. Name the prominent characters living at the time of this 
event] 

664. When, and by whom, was New York settled ] 

665. What followed, 1656, A. D., and what eight years after] 

666. What state settled, 1620, A. D., and by whom] 

667. What war began two years before this event] 

668. What prominent characters flourishing at this time] 

669. What four states settled within the next ten years, and 
by whom ] 

670. What states settled, 1634—36, A. D., and by whom] 

671. What Indians subdued, 1637, A. D. ] 

672. What events noticed, 1638—39, A. D. ] 

673. How long w^ere these events after the landing of the pil- 
grims ] (Puriians.) 

674. What event, 1643, A. D. ] 

675. Who ascended the throne of France the same year] 

676. What state settled, 1650, A. D., and by whom] 

677. What state settled, 1670, A. D., and by whom] 

678. What constitution adopted ] 

679. How long was this after the landing of the pilgrims] 

680. What prominent characters flourished at this time] 

681. What famous Indian chief slain, 1676, A. D. ] 

682. What is said of New Hampshire, 1680, A. D. ] 

683. Vv^hen, and by whom, was Pennsylvania settled ] 

684. What is said of Massachusetts the same year] 

635. What war began soon after, and what event mentioned 
during this war ] 

686. What strange events noticed two years after the beginning 
of this war] 

687. What war began, 1702, A. D. ] 

688. What is this war called in European history ] (See France 
and Spain.) 

689. Give some of the prominent events of the next twenty- 
five years ] 

690. What state settled, 1733, A. D., and by whom ] 

691. What war began, 1744, A. D., and what was at this time 
goinof on in Europe ] 

692. What event mentioned the next year ] 

693. When was this war renewed, and what defeat the same 
year] 

694. What battles and captures during the next five years ] 



AMERICA. 83 

[Between 1500 A. D. and 1845 A. D.] 

695. What celebrated philosopher and statesman flourished at 
this time 1 

696. What discovery did he make 1 

697. What prominent characters in Europe at this time? 

698. What celebrated institution founded, 1764, A. B.I 

699. What event mentioned in English history, 1765, A. D. 1 
(See England.) 

700. What followed in the colonies the same year? 

701. What events during the next five years? 

702. W^hat event, 1773, A. D. ? 

703. What followed the next year ? 

704. W^hat, 1775, A. D. ? 

705. When was independence declared ? 

706. What are the prominent events mentioned during the next 
seven years ? 

707. What took place, 1787, A. D. ? 

708. W'hat took place, 1789, A. D. ? 

709. What events the same year in France? 

710. W^hat events mentioned during the first four years of 
Washington's administration? 

711. Name the prominent characters and events in European 
history during this time. 

712. What events mentioned during the second four years of 
Washington's administration? 

713. Name the prominent events in the history of France 
during these four years. 

714. Who were next elected to the offices of president and 
vice president? 

715. What are the prominent events mentioned during the ad- 
ministration of John Adams ? 

716. Who were next elected president and vice president, and 
when ? 

717. What are the prominent events mentioned during the first 
four years of Jeff'erson's administration ? 

718. Who was chosen vice president at Jefferson's second 
election ? 

719. What events mentioned during the second four years of 
Jefferson's administration ? 

720. Who were next elected president and vice president, and 
when? 

721. What events mentioned during the first four years of 
Madison's administration ? 

722. Who was elected vice president at Madison's second 
election ? 



84 AMERICA. 

[Between 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 

723. What events mentioned during the second four years of 
Madison's administration] 

724. Who was next elected president, and who vice president ? 

725. What events mentioned during the first four years of 
Monroe's administration? 

726. What event during the second four years? 

727. W'ho succeeded him as president, and who as vice presi- 
dent] 

728. Give the principal events that transpired during the ad- 
ministration of J. Q. Adams. 

729. Who succeeded Adams as president, and who as vice 
president? 

730. Give the principal events of the first four years of his 
presidency. 

731. Who was elected vice president on Jackson's second 
election ? 

732. What events mentioned during the second four years of 
Jackson's administration? 

733. Who succeeded him as president, and who as vice presi- 
dent? 

734. What events mentioned during the administration of Van 
Buren? 

735. Who was next chosen president, and when? 

736. What followed soon after? 

737. What events mentioned during the administration of 
president Tyler ? 

738. Who was next elected president, and who vice president? 

739. About how long from the first discovery of America by 
Columbus to the conquest of Mexico by Cortez? 

740. What is said of this conquest? 

741. How long was this before the landing of the Puritans at 
Plymouth ? 

742. Name the prominent characters who lived at the time of 
the first conquest of Mexico ? 

743. What mines soon after discovered ? 

744. What country settled next after Mexico, and what are the 
circumstances of this settlement? 

745. What other countries in South America settled during the 
next five years, and by whom ? 

746. By whom was Brazil first settled, and under what circum- 
stances ? 

747. What followed the next year ? 

748. What took place, 1624—25, A. D. ? 

749. How long was it subject to the Spaniards? 



AMERICA, GENERAL QUESTIONS. 85 

[Between 1500 A. D. and 1845 A. D.] 

750. What war was at this time going on in Europe 1 

751. When was independence declared in New Grenada, and 
what followed ] 

752. W^hat took place, 1813, A. D. ? 

753. What is said of Bolivar, 1830, A. D. ? 

754. What event transpired in Brazil, 1807, A. D. ? 

755. What was the cause of this immigration of the royal 
family 1 (See Portugal.) 

756. What is said of John, 1810, A. D. 1 

757. W'hat government was soon after established 1 

758. What took place in 1820, and what, 1831, A. D. ? 

759. What is the number of inhabitants in Brazil at this time ? 

760. W^hen did Mexico declare independence of Spain? 

761. Who, at first, opposed the revolution? 

762. W^ho was first elected president, 1829, A. D., and what 
followed ? 

763. W^hat took place, 1833, A. D. ? 

764. What change does Santa Anna make in the government? 

765. Who succeeded Santa Anna as president? 

766. Who succeeded Austin? 

767. What state revolts from Mexico, 1836, A. D. ? 

768. Who invaded Texas soon after, what fortress did he attack, 
and what was the result ? 

769. What battle fought soon after, and what followed ? 

770. What took place the next year after the declaration of 
independence ? 

771. What was, at this time, the number of inhabitants in 
Texas? 

772. What took place in Chili, 1816, A. D. ? 

773. By whom was Chili freed ? 

774. By what oflScers has Chili since been governed ? 

General Questions hetimen A. D. and 1000 A. D. 

1. What nations flourishing at the time of the Christian era? 

2. Give the outlines of the history of the Roman emperors, 
between A. D. and the time of Constantino. 

3. Name the prominent literary characters during this time: 
tell about the time that each one flourished, and what is said 
of each. 

4. Give the outlines of the history of the empire during the 
next century. 

5. Give the outlines of the history of the church during this 
century. 

H 



86 GENERAL QUESTIONS. 

[Betwen A. D. and 1000 A. D.] 

6. Give the prominent events in the history of the western 
empire previous to its overthrow, and the changes that occurred 
in Italy between 400 and 1000, A. D. 1 

7. Give the prominent events in the history of the eastern 
empire during this period. 

8. Name the prominent characters and events in the history 
of Parthia and Persia, between A. D. and the conquests of 
Omar. 

9. Give the outlines of the history of the Saracens, previous 
to 1000, A. D. 

10. Of the Franks in France, previous to the establishment 
of the empire of Charlemagne ? 

11. Ilie outlines of their history between 800 and 1000, A. D. 

12. Give the principal events and characters in the history of 
Britain, previous to 1000, A. D. 

13. Give the prominent events in the history of the Saxon 
Heptarchy. 

14. When did Egbert become sole king of England 1 

15. Give the outlines of the history of the Saxon kings, from 
this time to the accession of the Danish kings'? 

16. What tribes overran Spain, 409, A. D., and what are the 
prominent events in the history of Spain, between this and 
1000, A. D. ? 

17. Give the outlines of the history of the church, between 
400 and 600, A. D. 

18. Of the papal church between 600 and 1000, A. D. 1 

19. Of the church in the wilderness'? 

BctwecR 1000 A. D. ami the present time. 

1. When did the Danish kings ascend the throne of England ? 

2. Give the outlines of their history. 

3. What kings succeeded them, and when'? 

4. Give the outlines of the history of the Norman kings. 

5. What house succeeded them, and when ? 

6. About how long did the family of Plantagenet or Anjou 
occupy the throne of England '? 

7. Give the outlines of the history of England during its 
reign. 

8. What house succeeded them, and when 1 

9. About how long did the house of Lancaster occupy the 
throne'? 

10. Give the outlines of the history of England during its 
rcifjn. 



GENERAL QUESTIONS. 87 

[Between ICOO A. D. and the present time.] 

11. What family succeeded them, and when? 

12. About how long did the house of York occupy the throne 1 

13. Give the outlines of the history of England during its 
reign. 

14. What house succeeded, and when? 

15. About how long did the house of Tudor occupy the throne 1 

16. Give the outlines of the history of England during its 
reign. 

17. What house succeeded, and when? 

18. About how long did the house of Stuart occupy the throne ? 

19. Give the prominent events in the history of England 
during this time. 

20. W^hat house succeeded, and when ? 

21. Give the outlines of the history of England, since the 
accession of the house of Hanover. 

22. Give the outlines of the history of Scotland. 

23. Give the outlines of the history of the American colonies 
from the first settlement at Jamestown to the declaration of 
independence. 

21. Give the history of the United States. 

25. Give the outlines of the history of France, between 1000 
and 1300, A. D. 

26. During the Period of Invasions. 

27. From 1500 to 1793, A. D. 

28. Since 1793, A. D. 

29. Of Germany previous to the accession of the house of 
Austria. 

30. During the reign of the house of Austria. 

31. Since the accession of the house of Lorraine. 

32. Of the church in the wilderness previous to 1500, A. D. 

33. Of the papal church previous to 1500, A. D. 
31. Of the papal church since that time. 

35. Of Italy. 

36. Of Arragon. 

37. Of Castile and Leon. 

38. Of Spain since the union of Castile and Arragon 

39. Of Holland after its revolt from Spain. 

40. Of Portugal. 

41. Of Denmark. 

42. Of Sweden. 

43. Of Poland. 

44. Of Russia. 

45. Of the Eastern or Greek empire. 



88 GENERAL QUESTIONS. 

[Between 1000 A. D. and the present time.] 

46. Of the Mahometans between 1000 and 1200, A. D. 

47. Of the Moouls 

48. Of the Tartars. 

49. Of the Turks. 

50. Of the Greeks since 1800. 

51. Of Persia since 1500. 

52. Of China in Modern times. 

See " Method of Teaching from the Chart.''^ 



A KEY 

TO THE PRONUNCIATION AND CHRONOLOGY OF 
NAMES MENTIONED ON THE CHART OF 
ANCIENT HISTORY. 



B. C. 




B. c. 




1574. 


A'-a-ron. 


849. 


Am-a-zi'-ah. 


116.3. 


Ab'-don. 


1491. 


A-men'-o-phis. 


1060. 


A-bi'bal. 


1498. 


Am-phic'-ty-on. 


958. 


A-bi'-jah. 


550. 


A-myn'-tas I. 


1236. 


A-bim'-e-lech. 


390. 


A-myn'-tas 11. 


1062. 


A-bim'-e-Iech. 


500. 


A-nac'-re-on, or A-na'- 


1055. 


Ab'-ner. 




cre-on. 


1996. 


A'-bra-ham. 


640. 


An'-cus Mar'-ti-iis. 


1023. 


Ab'-sa-lom. 


43. 


An'-llio-ny, Antony. 


1194. 


A-chil'-les. 


278. 


An-tig'-o-nus, Go-na'- 


4000. 


Ad'-am. 




tas. 


570. 


^'-sop. 


232. 


An-tig'-o-nus, Do'- 


1191. 


A^-a-mem'non. 




son. 


394. 


Ag-es-i-la'-us. 


40. 


An-tig'-o-nus. 


918. 


A'-hab. 


283. 


An-ti'-o-chus I., So'- 


595. 


A-has-u-e'-rus. 




ter. 


521. 


Ahas-u-e'-riis. 


261. 


An-ti'-o-chus II., 


464. 


A-has-u-e'-rus. 




Tiie'-os. 


742. 


A'-haz. 


223. 


An-ti'-o-chus III. 


897. 


A-ha-zi'-ah. 




the Great. 


885. 


A-ha-zi'-ah. 


175. 


An-ti'-o-chus IV., 


1194. 


A'-jax. 




E-piph'-a-nes. 


620. 


Al-cae'-us. 


69. 


An-ti'-o-chus XI IT., 


570. 


A-Iee'-tas. 




A-si-at'-i-cus. 


500. 


Al-ex-an'-der. 


297. 


An-tip'-pus. 


336. 


Al-ex-an'-der. 


1984. 


Ap'-o-phis. 


297. 


Al-ex-an'-der. 


595. 


A'-pri-es. 


105. 


Alex. Jan-nse'-us. 


251. 


A-ra'-tus. 


578. 


A-ma'-sis. 


H 


2 89 



90 



A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED 



B. C. 




B. C. 




747. 


Ar-ba'-ces, or 
Ar'-ba-ces. 


44. 


Bru'-tus 


415. 


Ar-che-la'-us. 


56. 


Cee'sar. 


212. 


Ar-chi-me'-des. 


670. 


Cam-by'-ses. 


680. 


Ar-dy'-es. 


528. 


Caui-by'-ses. 


106. 


Ar-is-to-bu'-lus I. 


390. 


Ca-mil'-lus. 


67. 


Ar-is-to-bu'-liis II. 


735. 


Can-dau'-les. 


750. 


A-ris-to-de'-mus. 


795. 


Car'-a-nus. 


340. 


Ar'-is-to-tle. 


317. 


Cas-san'-der. 


690. 


Ar-gae'-us. 


50. 


Ca-tul'-lus. 


256. 


Ar-sa'-ces, or 


1556. 


Ce'-crops. 




Ar'-sa-ces. 


1348. 


Ce'-crops II. 


217. 


Ar-sa'-ces II. 


648. 


Chyn-i-Ia'-dan. 


464. 


Ar-ta ba'-nus. 


600. 


Chi'-lo. 


200. 


Ar-la-ba'-nus. 


63. 


Cic'-e-ro. 


464. 


Ar-ta-xerx-'es. 


470. 


Ci'-mon. 


404. 


Ar-ta-xerx'-es, 


456. 


Cin-cin-na'-tus 




Mne'-mon. 


400. 


Cle-ar'-chus. 


358. 


Ar-ta-xerx'-es III., 


81. 


Cle-o-pa'-tra I 




O'-chus. 


55. 


CJe-o-pa'-tra 11 


955. 


A'-sa. 


1069. 


Co'-drus. 


207. 


As'-dru-bal. 


770. 


Coe'-mis. 


2217. 


Ash'-iir. 


509. 


Col-la-ti'-nus. 


595. 


As-ty'-a-ges. 


482. 


Cor-i-o-la'-nus. 


884. 


Ath-a-li'-ah. 


776. 


Co-roe'-bus 


28. 


Au-gus'-tus. 


56. 


Cras'-sus. 


809. 


Az-a-ri'-ah. 


662. 


Cra3'-sus. 






635. 


Cy-ax'-ares II. 


953. 


Ba-a'-sha. 


561. 


Cy-ax'-a-res I. 


980. 


Ba-le-a'-zar. 


559. 


Cy'-rus I. 


1285. 


Ba'-rak. 


400. 


Cy'-rus II. 


747. 


Bel'-e-sis. 






555. 


Bel-shaz'-zar. 


555. 


Dan'-iel. 


900. 


Ben'-ha-dad 11. 


1480. 


Dar'-da-nus. 


830. 


Ben'-ha-dad III. 


521. 


Da-ri'-us. 


65. 


Ber-e-ni'-ce. 


423. 


Da-ri'-us. 


307. 


Bo-mil'-car. 


336. 


Ba-ri'-us. 


390. 


Bren'-nus. 


400. 


Ba'-tis. 


509. 


Bru'-tus. 


1069. 


Da'-vid. 



ON THE CHART OF ANCIENT HISTORY 



91 



1518. 
1285. 

710. 

162. 

146. 

338. 

870. 

340. 

624. 

260. 

1343. 
1325. 

930. 
1452. 

453. 
1156. 

900. 

888. 

371. 
1398. 
1449. 

456. 

386. 

300. 

430. 

561. 

600. 

467. 



Deu-ca'-li-on. 

Deb'-o-rah. 

Dej'-o-ces. . 

De-me'-tri-vs. 

De-me'-tri-iis II. 

De-mos'-the-nes. 

Di'-do. 

Di-og'-e-nes. 

Dra'-co. 

Du-il'-li-us. 

Eg'-lon. 

E'-hud. 

E'-lah. 

E-le-a'-zer. 

E-li'-a-shib. 

E'-li. 

E-li'-jah. 

E-li'-sha. 

E-pam-i-non'-das. 

E-rech'-the-us. 

Er-ich-tho'-ni-us. 

Es'-ther. 

Eii'-clid. 

Eii'-clid. 

Eii-rip-i'-des. 

E'-vil Mer-o'-dach. 

E-ze'-ki-el. 

Ez'-ra. 



280. Fa-bric'-i-us. 

Gid'-e-on. 
Go-li'-ath. 
Grac'-chus. Tib. 
Grac'-chiis. Cai'-us. 

Gy'-ges. 

761. Hal-y-al'-tes. 



B. C. 

482. 

260. 

218. 

860. 

1285. 

1196. 

37. 

445. 

500. 

900. 

726. 
1070. 
1055. 

524. 

524. 

600. 
15. 

730. 

672. 

135. 

1182. 
1314. 
1896. 
760. 
1055. 
1910. 



•tus. 



Ha-mil'-car. 

Ha-iiiil'-car. 

Han-ni'-bal. 

Haz'-a-el. 

He'-ber. 

Hel'-en. 

Her'-od. 

He-rod'- o- 

Her-a-cli'-tus, 

He'-si-od. 

Hez-e-ki'-ah. 

Hi'-ram. 

Hi'-ram II. 

Hip'-pi-as. 

Hip-par'-chus. 

Ho'-mer. 

Hor'-ace. 

Hos-e'-a. 

Hos-til'-i-us. 

Hyr-ca'-niis. 

Ib'-zan. 

IlMus. 

I'-sa-ac. 

]'-sai'-ah. 

Ish'-bo-shelh. 

Ish'-ma-el. 



1314. Ja'-bin. 
1837. Ja'-cob. 
1285. Ja'-el. 
1210. Ja'-ir. 

175. Ja'-son. 

896. Je-ho'-ram. 

889. Je-ho'-ram. 

914. Je-hosh'-a-phat. 

840. Je-ho'-ash. 

826. Je-ho'-ash. 

609. Je-ho'-a-haz. 



92 



A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED 



B. C. 

609. 


Je-hoi'-a-kim 


B. c. 
405. 


Ly-saii'-der. 


598. 


Je-hoi'-a-kim. 


301. 


Ly-sim'-a-chus. 


413. 


Je-hoi'-a-da. 






884. 


Je'-hu. 


30. 


Ma3-ce'-nas. 


1188. 


Jeph'-thah. 


440. 


Mal'-a-chi. 


625. 


Jer-e-mi'-ah. 


697. 


Ma-nas'-seh. 


975. 


Jer-o-bo'-am. 


276. 


Ma-nas'-seh. 


825. 


Jer-o-bo'-am II. 


382. 


Man'-li-iis. 


1531. 


Jelh'-ro. 


479. 


Mar-do'-ni-us. 


918. 


Jez'-e-bel. 


100. 


Ma'-ri-iis. 


1023. 


Jo'-ab. 


1912. 


Mel-chiz'-e-dek. 


840. 


Jo'-ash. 


770. 


Men'-a-hem. 


878. 


Jo'-ash 


172. 


Meii-e-la'-us. 


373. 


Jo-han'-nan. 


1196. 


Men-e-la'-us. 


800. 


Jo'-nah. 


2188. 


Me'-nes. 


1055. 


Jon'-a-than. 


2188. 


Miz'-ra-im. 


160. 


Jon'-a-than. 


1577. 


Mi'-a-mum. 


1745. 


Jo'-seph. 


490. 


Mil-ti'-a-des. 


1451. 


Josh'-u-a. 


89. 


Mith-ri-da'-tes. 


641. 


Jo-si'-ah. 


156. 


Mith-ri-da'-tes I. 


759. 


Jo'-tham. 


1571. 


Mo'-ses. 


165. 


Ju'-das. 






341. 


Jad-du'-a. 


626. 


Na-bo-po-las'-sar. 


668. 


Ju'-dith. 


954. 


Na'-dab. 


111. 


Ju-gur'-tha. 


606. 


Neb-u-chad-nez'-zar 






616. 


Ne'-chus. 


1853. 


Ke-tu'-rah. 


455. 


Ne-he-mi'-ah. 






560. 


Ner-i-glis'-sar. 


1760. 


La'-ban. 


207. 


Ne'-ro. 


1260. 


La-om'-e-don 


1194. 


Nes'-tor. 


1760. 


Le'-ah. 


2217. 


Nim'-rod. 


480. 


Le-on'-i-das. 


715. 


Nu'-rna. 


43. 


Lep'~i-dus. 






1920. 


Lot. 


43. 


Oc-ta'-viu5?. 


369. 


Lu'-ci-iis Sex'-tus. 


929. 


Om'-ri. 


130. 


Lu-ciF-j-us. 


248. 


O-ni'-as. 


509. 


Lu-cre'-ti-a. 


400. 


O-res'-tes. 


60. 


Lii-cre'-li-iis. 


1405. 


Oth-ni'-el. 


884. 


Ly-cur'-ffus. 


1 





ON THE CHART OF ANCIENT HISTORY. 



9S 



B. C. 




B. C. 




1438. 


Pan'-di-on. 


1856. 


Re-bek'-ah. 


1308. 


Pan'-di-on II. 


255. 


Reg'-u-lus. 


1196. 


Par'-is. 


975. 


Re-ho-bo'-am. 


423. 


Par-y-sa'-tis. ' 


753. 


Rom'-u-lus. 


479. 


Pau-sa'-ni-as. 






390. 


Paii-sa'-ni-as. 


773. 


Sa-dy'-a-tes. 


771. 


Pe-ka-hi'-ah. 


631. 


Sa-dv'-a-tes. 


759. 


Pe'-kah. 


40. 


Sal'-lust. 


1307. 


Pe'-lops. 


1120. 


Sam'-u-el. 


720. 


Per-dic'-cas I. 


1137. 


Sam'-son. 


450. 


Per-dic'-cas II. 


455. 


San-bal'-lat. 


370. 


Per-dic'-cas III. 


1040. 


San-co-ni'-a-tbon. 


465. 


Per'-i-cles. 


668. 


Sa-os-du-chi'-nus. 


178. 


Per'-se-us. 


610. 


Sap'-pho. 


1700. 


Pha'-ra-oh. 


1859. 


Sa'-rah. 


420. 


Phar-na-ba'-ses. 


648. 


Sa'-rac. 


360. 


Phil'-ip. 


771. 


Sar-dan-a-paMus. 


324. 


Phil'-ip. 


1095. 


Saul. 


188. 


Phil-o-poe'-men. 


1546. 


Sca-man'-der. 


339. 


Pho'-ci-on. 


203. 


Scip'-i-o. 


656. 


Phra-or'-tes. 


133. 


Scip'-i-o. 


470. 


Piii'-dar. 


312. 


Se-leu'-cus. 


560. 


Pi-sis'-lra-tiis. 


246. 


Se-leu'-cus 11. 


360. 


Pla'-to. 


226. 


Se-leu'-cus III. 


140. 


Po-lyb'-i-us. 


2100. 


Se-mir'-a-mis. 


66. 


Pom'-pey. 


712. 


Sen-na-che'-rib. 


328. 


Po'-rus. 


369. 


Sex'-tus Lu'-ci-us 


1224. 


Pri'-a-mus. 


728. 


Shal-ma-ne'-zar. 


525. 


Psam-men'-i-tus. 


771. 


Shal'-lum. 


324. 


Ptol'-e-my. 


1320. 


Sham'-gar. 


284. 


Ptol'-e-my. 


978. 


Shi'-shak. 


246. 


Ptol'-e-my. 


2000. 


Si'-don. 


221. 


Ptol'-e-my. 


299. 


Si'-mon. 


880. 


Pyo--ma'-li-on. 


143. 


Si'-mon. 


280. 


Pyr'-rhus. 


1285. 


Sis'-e-ra. 


525. 


Py-lhag'-o-ras. 


522. 


Smer'-dis. 






420. 


Soc'-ra-tes. 


1760. 


Ra'-chel. 


424. 


Sog-di-a'-nus. 


1577. 


Ram'-a-ses. 


1015. 


Sol'-o-mon. 



94 



A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED 



B. C. 




B. C. 




594. 


So'-lon. 


1194. 


U-lys'-ses 


430. 


Soph'-o-cles. 


809. 


Uz-zi'-ah. 


73. 


Spar'-ta-cus 






100. 


Syl'-la. 


40. 


Var'-ro. 






456. 


Vash'-ti. 


616. 


Tar'-quin. 


25. 


Vir^-gil. 


534. 


Tar'- qui 11. 






363. 


Te'-chos. 


249. 


Xan-tip'-pus. 


570. 


Tha'-les, 


400. 


Xen'-o-phon. 


480. 


The-mis'-to-cles. 


485. 


Xerx'-es I. 


534. 


Thes'-pis. 


425. 


Xerx'-es II. 


1825. 


Thet-mo'-sis. 






400. 


Thu-cyd'-i-des. 


840. 


Zech-a-ri'-ah. 


750. 


Thu'-ry-mas. 


772. 


Zech-a-ri'-ab. 


747. 


Tig'-lath Pi-le'-ser. 


596. 


Zed-e-ki'-ah. 


420. 


Tiss-a-pher'-nes. 


520. 


Ze-rub'-ba-bel 


1233. 


To'-la. 


941. 


Ze'-ra. 


672. 


TulMus. 


929. 


Zim'-i'i. 



516. Zoph'-y-rus. 



A KEY 

TO THE NAMES MENTIONED ON THE CHART OF 
MODERN HISTORY. 



687 Abal-Malil 


591 Agilulphus 


1586 Abbas I 


65 Agrippa 


1643 Abbas II 


81 Agricola 


1732 Abbas III 


570 Aidan Aldan 


683 Abdallah 


807 AI Amin 


889 Abdalla 


410 Alaric 


755 Abderrahman I 


1513 Albany 


822 Abderrahman II 


1363 Albert 


912 Abderrahman III 


1298 Albert I 


1774 AbdalHamud 


1438 Albert II 


1250 Abel 


1525 Albert 


1125 Abelard 


1560 Albert Frederic 


749 Abul Abbas 


568 Alboin 


632 Abu Beker 


194 Albinus 


787 Achaius 


222 Alexander Severus 


1603 Achmet I 


911 Alexander I 


1691 Achmet II 


1061 Alexander 11 


1703 Achmet III 


1159 Alexander III 


1774 Achmet IV 


1254 Alexander IV 


615 Adaloadus 


1409 Alexander V 


1789 Adams John 


1492 Alexander VI 


1825 Adams J a 


1655 Alexander VII 


672 Adeodatus 


1689 Alexander VIII 


1291 Adolphus 


1214 Alexander 11 


1611 Adolphus Gustavus 


1249 Alexander III 


1751 Adolphus Frederic 


1501 Alexander 


117 Adrian 


1801 Alexander 


772 Adrian I 


1081 Alexius I Comnenus 


867 Adrian II 


1180 Alexius II Comnenus 


884 Adrian III 


1203 Alexius IV 


1154 Adrian IV 


1645 Alexis 


1521 Adrian VI 


872 Alfred 


1183 Adronicus II 


831 Alpin 


254 ^miUanus 


1072 Alphonso VI 


946 Agapetus TI 


1000 Alphonso V 


678 Agatho 


1112 Alphonso I 

95 



96 



A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED 



1126 Alphonso VIII 


1360 Amurath I 


1158 Alphonso IX 


1421 Amurath II 


1104 Alphonso I 


1574 Amurath III 


1162 Alphonso II 


1623 Amurath IV 


1211 Alphonso II 


491 Anastasius t 


1246 Alphonso III 


713 Anastasius II 


1252 Alphonso X 


912 Anastasius III 


1285 Alphonso III 


1153 Anastasius IV 


1325 Alphonso IV 


1183 Andronicus I Com 


1312 Alphonso XI 


1282 Andronicus II 


1327 Alphonso IV 


1328 Andronicus 


1438 Alphonso 


1185 Angeius Isaac 


1656 Alphonso VI 


1730 Anne 


961 Alhakim 


1491 Anne of Britany 


660 Al Hasan 


1533 Anne Boleyn 


655 Ali 


1702 Anne 


991 A 1 Kader 


138 Antoninus Pius 


932 Al Kaher 


161 Antoninus M A 


1031 AlKaymen 


584 Antharis 


813 Al Mamun 


712 Ansprandus 


754 Al Mansor 


698 Apsimarus 


976 Almansor 


1260 Aquinas Thomas 


892 Al Motaded 


395 Arcadius 


868 Al Mohtadi 


2 Archelaus 


901 Al Moktasi 


1003 Ardoin 


907 Al Moktador 


653 Aribertus I 


939 Al Moktaki 


700 Aribertus II 


861 Al Montaser 


316 Arius 


865 Al Motaz 


625 Ariovaldus 


944 Al Moti 


1600 Arminius 


779 AlModi 


887 Arnold 


943 Al Mosktacsi 


18 Artabanus III 


862 Al Mostaim 


81 Artabanus IV 


869 Al Motamed 


212 Artabanus V 


833 Al Motasem 


223 Artaxerxes 


846 Al Motawakkel 


508 Arthur 


933 Al Radi 


749 Astolphus 


785 Al Raschid 


412 Ataulphus 


973 Al Tay 


526 Athalaric 


841 Al Wathek 


335 Athanasius 


900 Amarawdh 


925 Athelstan 


702 Amberkelelh 


177 Afhenagoras 


384 Ambrose 


467 Athenius 


465 Ambrosius 


400 Augustine 



ON THE CHART OF MODERN HISTORY. 
A. D. 



97 



597 Austin or Augustin 


1147 Bernard 


475 Augustulus 


1000 Bertha 


1840 Austin 


1290 Birger 


1000 Avicenna 


1656 Blake 


455 Avitus 


1815 Blucher 




1360 Boccaccio 


1600 Bacon Sir Francis 


1700 Boileau 


1260 Bacon Roger 


1000 Boleslaus I 


1389 Bajazet I 


1058 Boleslaus II 


1481 Bajazet II 


1102 Boleslaus III 


238 Balbinus 


1146 Boleslaus IV 


1204 Baldwin I 


1227 Boleslaus V 


1228 Baldwin II 


1813 Bolivar 


1285 Baliol 


1797 Bonaparte 


1634 Baltimore 


1806 Bonaparte Josep 


1152 Barbarossa 


1807 Bonaparte Louis 


867 Basil I 


606 Boniface III 


976 Basil II 


607 Boniface IV 


366 Basil 


618 Boniface V 


1236 Batu Khan 


1294 Boniface VIII 


1700 Bayle 


1389 Boniface IX 


1379 Beatrice 


1567 Bothwell 


1170 Becket 


1836 Bowie 


700 Bede 


1690 Boyle 


534 Belisarius 


1755 Braddock 


683 Benedict II 


1575 Brahe Tycho 


855 Benedict III 


1306 Bruce 


900 Benedict IV 


1285 Bruce 


964 Benedict V 


1801 Burr 


972 Benedict VI 


1777 Burgovne 


974 Benedict VII 


1790 Burns' 


1012 Benedict VIII 


1780 Burke 


1033 Benedict IX 


1828 Bustamente 


1303 Benedict XI 




1334 Benedict XII 


486 Cabades 


1724 Benedict XIII 


613 Cad wan 


1740 Benedict XIV 


634 Cadwall 


1827 Benevente 


678 Cadwallader 


1836 Ben ham 


1825 Calhoun J C 


1836 Benton 


36 Caligula 


889 Berenger 


670 Calinicus 


950 Berenger II 


1540 Calvin 


982 Berraudo II 


1119 CalixtusII 


1810 Bernadotie 


1455 Calixtus III 



A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED 



A. D. 

1823 

1016 

1036 

1076 

1148 

1182 

211 

283 

877 

1835 

282 

1041 

1178 

1333 

1447 

1725 

1762 

1533 

982 

1143 

1191 

1241 

1294 

519 

70 

1500 

562 

,768 

714 

840 

875 

880 

875 

881 

888 

1349 

1321 

1364 

1380 

1422 

1481 

1448 

1654 

1265 



Canning 


1660 Charles XI 


Canute II 


1697 Charles XII 


Canute III 


1809 Charles XIII 


Canute IV 


1516 Charles I or 


Canute V 


1519 Charles V 


Canute VI 


1663 Charles 11 


Caracalla 


1761 Charles II 


Carinus 


1781 Charles IV 


Carloman 


1730 Charles Emanuel III 


Carlos Don 


1720 Charles VI 


Carus 


1711 Charles VI 


Casimir I 


1741 Charles VII 


Casimir II 


1560 Charles IX 


Casimir III 


1824 Charles X 


Casimir IV 


1660 Charles II 


Catharine I 


1625 Charles I 


Catharine II 


1756 Chatham 


Catharine 


1390 Chaucer 


Cadwallen 


458 Childeric I 


Celestine II 


747 Childeric III 


Celestine III 


511 Childebert 


Celestine IV 


695 Childebert III 


Celestine V 


473 Chilperic 


Cerdic 


562 Chilperic 


Cerinthus 


715 Chilperic II 


Cervantes 


106 Chosroes I 


Charibert 


532 Chosroes II 


Charles or Charlemagne 


591 Chosroes III 


Charles Martel 


1252 Christopher I 


Charles II 


1319 Christopher II 


Charles Bald 


1439 Christopher III 


Charles Fat 


1448 Christian I 


Charles II 


1513 Christian II 


Charles II 


1533 Christian III 


Charles III 


1588 Christian IV 


Charles IV 


1670 Christian V 


Charles IV 


1730 Christian VI 


Charles V 


1766 Christian VII 


Charles VI 


1632 Christiana 


Charles VII 


398 Chrysostom 


Charles VIII 


1647 Chun Chi 


Charles VIII 


41 Claudius 


Charles X 


268 Claudius II 


Charles ol" Anjou 


45 Claudius Felix 



ON THE CHART OF MODERN HISTORY, 



99 



A. D. 


A. D. 


95 Clement 


336 Constantius II 


1046 ClemeiU II 


642 Constantine I 


1187 Clement III 


741 Constantine V 


1265 Clement IV 


781 Constantine VI 


1305 Clement V 


708 Constantine 


1342 Clement 


858 Constantine 11 


1378 Clement VI 


911 Constantine VI 


1523 Clement VII 


942 Constantine VII 


1591 Clement VIII 


986 Constantine VIII 


1667 Clement IX 


903 Constantine III 


1669 Clement X 


1042 Constantine IX 


1700 Clement XI 


1059 Constantine X 


1730 Clement XII 


1448 Constantine XII 


1758 Clement XIII 


586 Coreticus 


1769 Clement XIV 


1675 Corneille 


573 Clephes 


178 Cornwallis 


1809 Clinton Georg:e 


1492 Cosmo de Medici 


1825 Clinton De Witt 


1219 Courtenay de Robert 


428 Clodion 


1780 Cowper 


511 Clodomir 


1547 Cranmer 


511 Clotaire I 


584 Crida 


584 Clotaire II 


1836 Crocket 


665 Clotaire III 


1649 Cromwell O 


486 Clovis 


1658 Cromwell R 


638 Clovis II 


686 Cunibert 


691 Clovis III 


45 Cuspius Padus 


1560 Coligni 


1060 Cuthu Muses 


1492 Columbus 


250 Cyprian 


180 Com mod us 




1057 Comnenus Isaac 


628 Dagobert 1 


1118 Comnenus John 


638 Dagobert II 


755 Conan 


711 Dagobert 1 


1560 Conde 


1300 Dante 


819 Congal III 


1565 Darnley 


1024 Conrad 11 


1124 David 


1138 Conrad III 


1329 David 11 


1250 Conrad IV 


249 Decius 


1226 Conrad 


1640 Des Cartes 


1250 Conrad 


615 Deus Debit 


336 Constans 


1835 De Rosas 


642 Constans II 


1845 Dallas G M 


306 Constantine I 


1836 Dickinson 


336 Constantine II 


193 Didius 


292 Constantius 


1755 Dieskau 



100 



A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED 



284 Diocletian 


1500 Emanuel 


516 Dionysius 


541 Eraric 


1279 Dionysius Just 


1595 Erasmus 


756 Desiderius 


1095 Eric III 


81 Domitian 


1135 Eric IV 


636 Donald IV 


1139 EricV 


857 Donald V 


1242 Eric VI 


892 Donald VI 


1259 Eric VII 


1093 Donald VII 


1286 Eric VIII 


824 Dongal 


1412 Eric Xllf 


676 Donus I 


1560 Eric XIV 


974 Donus 11 


1580 Essex 


1820 Don Pedro 


730 Ettinus 


1831 Don Pedro II 


838 Ethelwolf 


1075 Don Roderigo 


857 Eihelbald 


1400 Douglass 


860 Eihelbert 


1690 Dry den 


866 Elhelred 


1060 Ducas 


978 Ethelred II 


968 Duff 


874 Ethus 


1031 Duncan 


466 Euaric 


1034 Duncan 


888 Endes or Od 


950 Dunstan 


655 Eugenius I 


1435 Don Alvaro de Luna 


824 Eugenius II 




1145 Eugenius III 


959 Edgar 


1431 Eugenius IV 


1100 Edgar 


364 Eugene I 


941 Edmund 


419 Eugene II 


1016 Edmund II 


535 Eu-ene III 


946 Ed red 


688 Eugene V 


1041 Edward 


^2 Eugene VI 


1272 Edward I 


704 Eugene VII 


1307 Edward II 


761 Eugene VIII 


1327 Edward III 


1706 Eugene 


1461 Edward IV 


360 Eusebius 


1483 Edward V 




1547 Edward VI 


60 Felix 


Edward IV 


1700 Fenelon 


913 Edwallll 


1584 Feodor 


992 Edwall III 


1676 Feodor 


819 Egbert 


650 Ferchard II 


491 Ella 


1035 Ferdinand I 


1558 Elizabeth 


1157 Ferdinand II 


1741 Elizabeth 


1217 Ferdinand III 


1664 Elliott 


1295 Ferdinand IV 



ON THE CHART OF MODERN HISTORY. 



101 



A. D. 


A. D. 


1367 Ferdinand 


1733 Frederic Augustus II 


1412 Ferdinand I 


1390 Froissart 


1479 Ferdinand 




1556 Ferdinand I 


68 Galba 


1617 Ferdinand 11 


180 Galen 


1637 Ferdinand III 


261 Gallienus 


1759 Ferdinand IV 


251 Gallus 


1808 Ferdinand VII 


300 Galerius 


1010 Ferdusi 


1630 Galileo 


404 Fergus II 


1829 Gamarra 


764 Fergus III 


1807 Gambier 


1843 Ferrera 


1035 Garcias 


1823 Freyre 


1307 Gesler 


60 Festus 


1118 Gelasius II 


276 Florianus 


1714 George I 


1758 Forbes 


1727 George II 


891 Formosus 


1760 George III 


1800 Fox 


1820 George IV 


1745 Francis I 


427 Genseric 


1792 Francis II 


1218 Gengh Khan 


1515 Francis I 


18 Germanicus 


1559 Francis II 


18 Gessius Florius 


Francis 


211 Geta 


1825 Francis I 


1790 Gibbon 


1752 Franklin 


473 Glucerius 


1152 Frederic I 


1097 Godfrey 


1212 Frederic 11 


1598 Godunow B 


1440 Frederic III 


491 Gondebaud 


1523 Frederic I 


1035 Gonzales 


1559 Frederic II 


238 Gordian 


1648 Frederic III 


45 Gotarzes 


1699 Frederic IV 


375 Gratian 


1746 Frederic V 


590 Gregory I 


1808 Frederic VI 


715 Gregory II 


1617 Frederic V 


731 Gregory III 


1746 Frederic VI 


875 Gregory Great 


1640 Frederic Wm 


827 Gregory IV 


1688 Frederic III 


1000 Gregory V 


1713 Frederic Wm I 


1044 Gregory VI 


1740 Frederic II 


1073 Gregory VIT 


1786 Frederic Wm II 


1187 Gregory VIII 


1797 Frederic Wm III 


1227 Gregory IX 


1720 Frederic 


1271 Gregory X 


1697 Frederic Augustus 


1370 Gregory XI 



102 

A. D. 



A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED 
A. D. 



1406 Gregory XII 


1413 Henry V 


1582 Gregory XIII 


1422 Henry VI 


1590 Gregory XIV 


1485 Henry VII 


1621 Gregory XV 


1506 Henry VIII 


1831 Gregory XVI 


1573 Henry of Valois 


1830 Grey Minister 


1578 Henry Cardinal 


562 Grotan 


1625 Henry Frederic 


1635 Groiius 


1095 Henry 


662 Grimoaldus 


1214 Henry I 


1829 Guerrero 


1206 Henry 


1057 Guiscard Robert 


1390 Henry III 


1560 Guise Duke of 


1368 Henry 11 


660 Gundebertus 


1454 Henrv IV 


436 Gunderic 


610 Heraclius 


413 Gundicar 


640 Heraclius II 


1523 Gustavus I 


641 Heracleonas 


1611 Gustavus Adolphus 


1628 Harvey 


1771 Gustavus III 


723 Hesham 


889 Guy 


1073 Hildebrand 




744 Hildebrandus 


1035 Harold I 


976 Hixem 


1066 Harold II 


1030 Hixem III 


1074 Harold VII 


625 Honorius I 


785 Haroun Alraschid 


1124 Honorius II 


787 Hashem 


1226 Honorius III 


1841 Harrison WH 


1285 Honorius IV 


540 Heldibadus 


272 Hormisdas I 


218 Heliogabalus 


632 Hormisdas II 


447 Hengist 


447 Horsa 


920 Henry I 


1837 Houston 


1002 Henry II 


1794 Howe 


1039 Henry III 


940 Howell Dha 


1056 Henry IV 


950 Hugh 


1106 Henry V 


987 Hugh Capet 


1190 Henry VI 


1766 Hume 


1309 Henry VII 


1415 HussJohn 


1031 Henry I 


1694 Hussein 


1547 Henry II 




1574 Henry III 


1640 Ibrahim 


1589 Henry IV 


686 Idwallo 


1100 Henry I 


1000 Ignatius 


1154 Henry II 


441 Indigertes II 


1216 Henry III 


958 Indulf 


1399 Henrv IV 


1130 Innocent 11 



ON THE CHART OF MODERN HISTORY. 



10^ 



A. D. 


A. D. 


1194 Innocent III 


914 John X 


1243 Innocent IV 


931 John XI 


1276 Innocent V 


955 John XII 


1352 Innocent VI 


965 John XIII 


1404 Innocent VII 


985 John XIV 


1484 Innocent VIII 


985 John XV 


1591 Innocent IX 


1003 John XVI 


1644 Innocent X 


1003 John XVII 


1676 Innocent XI 


1004 John XVIII 


1691 Innocent XII 


1024 John XIX 


1721 Innocent XIII 


1276 John XX 


58 Irenaeus 


1316 John XXI 


781 Irene 


1316 John I 


1479 Isabella 


1350 John II 


1501 Ismael 


1200 John Lackland 


1821 Iturbide 


1118 John I Com 


1500 Ivan Basilowitz 


1341 John Paleologus 


1533 Ivan IV 


1341 John Cantacusenus 


1682 Ivan V 


1385 John I Great 


1740 Ivan VI 


1406 John II 




1424 John II Pal. 


1815 Jackson Andrew 


1481 John I 


948 Jago 


1492 John Albert 


1213 James I 


1481 John II the Perfect 


1291 James II 


1648 John Casimir 


1424 James I 


1568 John III 


1437 James II 


1521 John III 


1460 James III 


1640 John IV 


1487 James IV 


1706 John V 


1513 James V 


1792 John VI 


1568 James VI 


1770 Johnson 


1603 James I 


1837 Johnson RM 


948 Javaf 


1750 Joseph Emanuel 


1794 Jay John 


1705 Joseph I 


1776 Jefferson 


1765 Joseph 11 


1416 Jerome 


70 Josephus 


1813 Jervis John 


363 Jovian 


1428 Joan of Arc 


361 Julian 


640 John IV 


1503 Julius If 


685 John V 


1549 Julius III 


701 John VI 


150 Justin Martyr 


705 John VII 


527 Justinian I 


872 John VIII 


565 Justin II 


897 John IX 


685 Justinian 



104 

A. D. 

120 

1661 

604 

834 

990 

995 

1520 

1796 

1735 

568 

1790 

1560 



A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED 



Juvenal 
Kam Hi 
Kenneth I 
Kenneth II 
Kenneth III 
Kenneth the Grim 
Kepler 
Kia King 
Kien Long 
Kinathal 
Klopstock 
Knox 



300 Lactantius 

1079 Ladislaus I 

1139 Ladislaus II 

1305 Ladislaus IV 

1386 Ladislaus V 

1434 Ladislaus VI 

1632 Ladislaus VII 

1824 Lafayette 

1827 La Mar 
913 Landon 

1700 Leibnitz 

457 Leo 

716 Leo III 

775 Leo IV 

813 Leo V 

886 Leo VI 

795 Leo III 

847 Leo IV 

903 Leo V 

928 Leo VI 

936 Leo VII 

964 Leo VIII 
1513 LeoX 
1605 Leo XI 
1823 Leo XII 

946 Leolf 

695 Leontius 
1659 Leopold I 
1790 Leopold II 
1831 Leopold 
1202 Lesko 



A. D. 

1299 Lesko 
1282 Llewelyn 
355 Liberius 
306 Licinius 
1760 Linnaeus 
A D Livy 
1690 Locke 
840 Lothaire I 
945 Lothaire 
954 Lothaire 
1125 Lothaire II 
840 Louis 
813 Louis I 
855 Louis II 
877 Louis II 
879 Louis III 
936 Louis IV 
986 Louis V 
1137 Louis V 
1106 Louis VI 
1370 Louis VII 
1223 Louis VIII 
1314 Louis V 
1040 Louis VI 
1137 Louis VII 
1226 Louis IX 
1314 Louis X 
1461 Louis XI 
1496 Louis XII 
1610 Louis XIII 
1643 Louis XIV 
1715 Louis XV 
1774 Louis XVI 
1814 Louis XVIII 
1830 Louis Philippe 
1725 Lovewell 
1144 Lucius II 
1 181 Lucius III 
712 Luitprandus 

1517 Luther 

1040 Macbeth 

1518 Machiavel 
217 Macrinus 



ON THE CHART OF MODERN HISTORY. 



105 



A. D. 


A. D. 


1045 Magnus 


312 Maximinus II 


1276 Magnus Ladislaus 


455 Maximus 


1319 Magnus III 


1493 Maximilian 


612 Mahomet 


1564 Maximilian II 


852 Mahomet I 


1813 McDonough 


1412 Mahomet I 


1529 Melancthon 


1451 Mahomet II 


1834 Melbourne 


1595 Mahomet III 


1060 Melee h 


1649 Mahomet IV 


448 MerovoBus 


1730 Mahomet V 


684 Merwan I 


1808 Mahomet VI 


744 Merwan II 


1722 Mahmud 


818 Merwin Uriel 


457 Majoriam 


811 Michael I 


943 Malcolm I 


820 Michael II 


1004 Malcolm II 


842 Michael III 


1057 Malcolm III 


1034 Michael IV 


1153 Malcolm IV 


1041 Michael V 


668 Malduin 


1261 Michael Paleologus 


578 Malgo 


1613 Michael Romanow 


1268 Manfred 


1669 Michael Wisiniowiecski 


1143 Manuel Com. 


1025 Micislaus II 


450 Marcian 


1173 Micislaus III 


134 Marcion 


1664 Milton 


1555 Marcellus 


660 Moawiyah 


1387 Margaret 


721 Mordach 


1542 Mary 


1577 Mohammed 


1553 Mary 


1834 Mohammed 


1688 Mary 


1745 Mosheim 


1777 Mary 


1817 Monroe James 


1745 Maria Theresa 


1746 Montesquieu 


1704 Marlborough 


1264 Mountfort 


649 Martin I 


784 Musa'l Hadi 


882 Martin II 


1098 Mustali 


942 Martin HI 


1622 Mustaphal 


1281 Martin IV 


1695 Mustapha II 


1417 Martin V 


1757 Mustapha III 


1395 Martin 


1807 Mustapha IV 


1135 Matilda 




1612 Matthias 


294 Narses 


1584 Maurice 


1798 Nelson 


582 Mauritius 


473 Nepos 


655 Mawia 


54 Nero 


235 Maximinus 


96 Nerva 


238 Maximus 


1700 Newton 



106 



A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED 



802 Nicephorus 


963 Nicephorus Phocas 


1078 Nicephorus 
858 Nicholas I 


1058 Nicholas II 


1288 Nicholas IV 


1447 Nicholas V 


1102 Nicholas 


1826 Nicholas 


482 Obalus 


1833 Obegasa 


1337 Occam 


476 Odoacer 


571 Offa 


1733 Oglethorpe 
1087 Olaus 


1376 Olaus 


472 Olvbrius 


633 Omar 


717 Omar II 


860 Omar 


1326 Orcham 


914 Ordono II 


1820 O'Higgins 


250 Origen 
14 Orodes II 


325 Osius 


645 Othman 


1299 Othman I 


1618 Othman II 


1754 Othman III 


69 Otho 


936 Otho I 


973 Otho n 


983 Otho III 


1208 Otho IV 


1227 Ougtai Khan 


A D Ovid 


90 Pacorus 


1815 Packenham 


117 Parthanaspates 
817 Pascal I 



A. D. 

1099 Pascal II 
1656 Pascal 
36 Paul 

757 Paul I 
1464 Paul II 
1534 Paul III 
1555 Paul IV 
1605 PaulV 
1798 Paul 

400 Pelagius 

718 Pelagias 
1683 Penn Wm 

741 Pepin le Bref 

687 Pepin d'Hiristal 
1818 Perr\r 

671 Pertharit 

193 Pertinax 
1095 Peter the Hermit 
1094 Peter I 
1196 Peter II 
1276 Peter III 
1216 Peter de Courtenay 
1350 Peter the Cruel 
1336 Peter IV 
1682 Peter I 
1727 Peter II 
1762 Peter III 
1668 Peter II 
1777 Peter III 
1360 Petrarch 

420 Pharamond 

244 Philip 
1199 Philip 
1060 Philip I 
1180 Philip II 
1271 Philip III 
1285 Philip IV 
1316 Philip V 
1328 Philip VI 
1556 Philip II 
1600 Philip lit 
1621 Phihp IV 
1700 Philip V 
1676 Philip King 



ON THE CHART OF MODERN HISTORY. 



107 



A. D. 
711 

602 

875 

13 

70 

100 

110 

1440 

1845 

150 

1735 

1814 

56 

1612 

1458 

1503 

1559 

1565 

1774 

1800 

1829 

1804 

1137 

1758 

1831 

277 

1295 

135 

408 



Philipicus Bardane 

Phocus 

Photius 

Phraatices 

Pliny 

Pliny 

Plutarch 

Poffgio 

Polk J K 

Polycarp 

Pope 

Porado 

Fortius Festus 

Powhatan 

Pius II 

Pius III 

Pius IV 

Pius V 

Pius VI 

Pius VII 

Pius VIll 

Preble 

Pretronilla 

Prideaux 

Prieio 

Probus 

Przemislaus 

Ptolomy 

Pulcheria 



100 duintilian 
1830 auiroga 

744 Rachisius 
701 Ragimbertus 
923 Ralpho 
927 Ramirez II 
957 Ramirez III 
1035 Ramirez I 
1124 Ramirez II 
1109 Raymond 
1240 Reinerius 
1189 Richard I 
1377 Richard II 
1483 Richard III 



1624 Richelieu 

922 Robert 
1000 Robert 

1057 Robert Guiscard 
1219 Robert de Courtenay 
1400 Robert of Palatine 
1309 Robert the Wise 
1000 Robert II 
1032 Robert 
1370 Robert II Stuart 
1390 Robert III 

720 Roderic I 

843 Roderic II 
1273 Rodolph I 
1576 Rodolph H 

923 Rodolph 
G52 Rodoaldus 

1130 Roger II 
1704 Kooke 
1730 Rollin 

919 Romanus I 
1028 Romanus II 
1068 Romanqs III 

636 Rotharis 
1683 Russel 

1604 Sabinianus 
1171 Saladin 
1000 Sancho III 
1063 Sancho Ramirez 
1185 Sancho I 
1157 Sancho II 
1223 Sancho II 
1284 Sancho IV 
1821 San Martin 
1833 Santa Anna 

240 Sapores I 

309 Sapores II 

384 Sapores III 
1466 Scanderbery 
1557 Sebastian 
1624 Sefi Mirza 
1000 Seljuk 
1512 Selim I 
1566 Selim II 



108 



A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED 
A. D. 



1789 Selim III 


1600 Sully 


1000 Sylvester II 


1513 Surry 


55 Seneca 


1000 Svveyn 


193 Seplimius Severus 


1148 SwevnIV 


687 Sergius 


1683 Sydney 


844 Sergius II 


384 Symmachus 


904 Sergius III 




1009 Sergius IV 


125 Tacitus 


20 Serjanus 


275 Tacitus 


193 Severus Sept. 


1370 Tamerlane 


306 Severus II 


1307 Tell Wm 


461 Severus 


1200 Tertullian 


640 Severinus 


519 Thampasp I 


1600 Shakspeare 


1736 T/iampasp Kouli Khan 


562 Sigobert I 


64.2 Theodore 


527 Sigebert 


1054 Theodora 


1410 Sigismund 


1336 Theodora 


1506 Sigismund I 


490 Theodoric 


1548 Sigismund II 


534 Theodalus 


1587 Sigismund III 


379 Theodosius 


1592 Sigismund 


408 Theodosius II 


384 Siricius 


715 Theodosius III 


627 Si roes 


829 Theophilus 


709 Sissinius 


1740 Theresa Maria 


1471 SixtuslV 


511 Thierry 


1585 SixtusV 


673 Thierry II 


1674 Sobieski 


720 Thierry IV 


714 Soliman 


14 Tiberius 


1097 Soliman 


Tiberius Alexander 


1666 Soliman 


578 Tiberius II 


1520 Solvman I 


35 Tiridates 


1678 Stafford 


1369 Timur Bek 


1764 Stanislaus 


79 Titus 


750 Stephen II 


1678 Titus Gates 


767 Stephen III 


1037 Togrul Beg 


816 Stephen IV 


1817 Tompkins D D 


886 Stephen VI 


546 Totila 


896 Stephen VII 


98 Trajan 


929 Stephen VIII 


1836 Travis 


939 Stephen IX 


1780 Tupac Amaru 
1841 Tyler J 


1057 Stephen X 


1135 Stephen 




1575 Stephen 


1618 Ulrica Elenora 


10 Strabo 


1088 Urban II 


1800 Suwarrow 


1185 Urban III 



ON THE CHART OF MODERN HISTORY. 



109 



B. C. 


B. c. 


1261 Urban IV 


445 Vortigern 


1362 Urban V 


454 Vortimer 


1378 Urban VT 




1590 Urban VII 


1157 Waldemarl 


1623 Urban VIII 


1203 Waldemar II 


1109 Urraca 


1250 Waldemar 


1261 Urban IV 


1340 Waldemar III 


1362 Urban V 


704 WalidI 


1378 Urban VI 


743 Walid II 


1390 Urban VII 


1397 Wallace 


1623 Urban VIII 


1560 Warwick 


1109 Urraca 


1755 Washington 
1381 Wat Tyler 




364 Valens 


1794 Wayne 


J 42 Valentine 


1815 Wellington 


364 Valenlinian 


1739 Wesley John 


383 Valentinian II 


1375 Wickliffe 


827 Valentine 


1066 William I 


1837 Van Buren 


1087 William Rufus 


1639 Van Tromp 


1672 William III 


45 Vardanes 


1829 William IV 


272 Varanes I 


1041 William 


276 Varanes II 


1102 William II 


389 Varanes IV 


1154 William III 


420 Varanes V 


1166 William IV 


1505 Vasily or Basil IV 


1165 William I the Lion 


1498 Vasco-de-Gama 


1579 William I 


70 Vespasian 


1647 William II 


1054 Victor II 


1672 William III 


1086 Victor III 


1761 William V 


1714 Victor Amadseus 


1636 Williams Roger 


1837 Victoria 


1378 Winceslaus 


657 Vitalianus 


1759 Wolfe 


69 Vitellus 




536 Vitiges 


679 Yezid 


50 Vologeses 1 


719 Yezid II 


134 Vologeses II 


744 Yezid III 


189 Vologesus III 




1768 Voltaire 


741 Zachary 


15 Vonones I 


476 Zeno 




1606 Zuinski 



K 



GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES 

OF ANCIENT AND MIDDLE HISTORY, WITH THEIR CORRES- 
PONDING MODERN NAMES. 



Ancwnt and Middle ^^^^^^ Historical Names. 

Hist. Names. 

Acarnania Carnia in Greece. 

Africa, propria Tunis and Tripoli. 

. „ . C Schirvan, Daghistan, and part of 

^^^^^'^ I Georgia. 

Apulia Puglia, in Naples. 

Aquitania Gascony and Guienne, in France. 

Aquitania, or Canta- ) g ^^ ^. 

bna sea of ) -^ -^ 

Aria Karasm, in Independent Tartary. 

Arcadia Central Morea. 

Argolis East Morea. 

Armenia Turcoman ia and Aladulia, in Turkey. 

Asia Minor Turkey, B. Black and Caspian seas. 

Assyria Curdistan, in Turkey. 

Attica East Greece. 

*Auslrasia East France. 

Babylonia, or Chaldea Irak, in Turkey. 

Bactriana Bucharia, in Independent Tartary. 

Baleares Isles Majorca, Minorca, and Ivica. 

Belgica Belgium. 

Bitiiynia Natolia, on Black sea. 

BoDOtia Central Greece. 

Borysthenes, river . . . Dnieper. 

Brigantia, lake Constance. 

Britannia Great Britain. 

Bruttii South Italy, Naples. 

*Burgundy Savoy, Switzerland, part of E. France 

Byzantium Constantinople. 

Calabria East Italy, Naples. 

Caledonia Scotland. 

* Middle History. 
110 



GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. HI 

Ancmxt and Middle ^^^^^.^^ Historkal Names. 

Hist. Names. 

Campania Kingdom of Naples. 

Canaan Palestine, in Syria. 

Cappadocia In Turkey, west of Turcomania. 

Caria Natolia, in Turkey. 

Carmania Kerman, in Persia. 

Carthage Near Tunis. 

Cephallenia Cephalonia. 

Chaldea, or Babylonia Irak, in Turkey. 

Cilicia Turkey in Asia, on Mediterranean sea. 

Cimbri tribe Holstein and Jutland, Denmark. 

Colchis Mingi'elia and Imiritia. 

Corcyra Corfu. 

Crete Candia. 

Dacia Hungary, Transylvania. 

Dalmatia South Austria, on Gulf of Venice. 

Doris In Greece. 

Ebudae Western Islands, or Hebrides. 

Elis In Morea. 

Elymais Khusistan, in Persia. 

Epirus Albania, in Turkey in Europe. 

Ethiopia Nubia and Abyssinia. 

Eub(pa Negropont. 

Euxine sea Black sea. 

Florentia Florence. 

Frisii tribe, *Frish.. Holland. 

Gallatia In Natolia, in Turkey. 

Gallia, or Gaul France and Belgium. 

Gallia Cisalpina Northern Italy. 

Gedrosia Beloochistan. 

Germania Germany, Prussia, and N. Austria. 

Graecia, Magna Kingdom of Naples. 

Granicus river Dematica. 

Hellespont Dardanelles. 

Helvetia Switzerland. 

Hibernia . .^. Ireland. 

Hispania , Spain. 

* Middle History. 



112 GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 

labadii Sumatra. 

laxartes Sihon. 

Iberia Georgia. 

Ichnusa Sardinia. 

Ida, mount Gargara. 

Illyricum Croatia & Dalmatia, in Aust. & Turkey. 

India Hindoostan, Birmah, and Siam. 

^"'Gano-ef';'!'^ ^^^ | Farther India. 

Ionia Natolia, on the Archipelago." 

Ister and Danubus riv. Danube. 

Istria South Austria. 

Italia Italy. 

Italia, propria Central Italy. 

Judea In Syria. 

Laconia Morea. 

Latium Central Italy. 

Lesbos, island Mytilin. 

Liburnia Croatia. 

Libya Barca. 

Liger, river Loire. 

Liguria Southern part of the km. of Sardinia. 

Locris Greece, on Gulf Leponta. 

Lucania In Naples. 

Lugdunensis Florence, Central. 

Lusitania Portugal. 

Lycaonia Caramania, in Turkey, 

Lydia In Natolia, in Turkey in Asia. 

Macedonia Roumetia, European Turkey. 

Margiania Karasm, in Independent Tartary. 

Marmarica Barca, in Africa. 

Massagetas tribe .... Khokhan, in Independent Tartary. 

Media Irak, in Persia. 

Megaris Greece, on the Gulf of Leponta. 

McEsia Servia and Bulgaria. 

Mesopotamia Diarbekir, in Turkey. 

Messenia Morea. 

Mona Isle of man. 

Mysia Natolia, in Turkey. 



GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 113 

Ancient and Middle t,^ 7 u- , • 7 xr 

Hist. Names. '^^'^^'''^ Historical Names. 

*Neringonia Norway. 

Noricum Austria. 

*Normand V I ^'o^l^-^'^f ^ France on the English 

•' 3 channel. 

Numidia Algiers and Bled-el-Jerid, in Africa. 

Olympus, Mt Lacha, Livadia in Turkey. 

Orcades Orkney Isles. 

^Orleans Loire, in France. 

Oxus, river Amoo. 

Pannonia Sclavonia. 

Paphlagonia Natolia, in Tarkey. 

Parthia Irak Agemi. in Persia. 

Patmos, island Patmosa, in the Archipelago. 

Peloponnesus Morea. 

Pergamus South-west Mysia. 

Persis South Persia. 

Phocis In Greece. 

Phoenicia In Syria. 

Phrygia Natolia. 

Pontus Turkey in Asia, on Black sea. 

Propontis Sea of Marmora. 

Rha, river Volga. 

Rhenus, river Rhine. 

Rheetia Bavaria. 

Rubicon, river Pisotell, North Italy. 

Sarmitii ) Russia, Poland. Astrachan, and Oren- 

' ' ) burg. 

Scandinavia Norway and Sweden. 

Scyros, island Scyro. 

Scythia Tartary and Siberia. 

Sicilia Sicily. 

Sicyonia In Morea. 

Susianna Khusistan, in Persia. 

Tamesis. river Thames. 

Tanais, river Don. 

Taurica Crimea. 

* Middle History. 
K 2 



114 GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 

^Xl"]^! ™ ^•"^^^- "-^'-^ ^-«- 

Thebais South Egypt. 

Thessalia Livadia, in Greece. 

Thracia Romania. Soutii Turkey. 

rp f Natolia, between Marmora and Archi- 

( pelago. 
TyraSj river Dniester. 

Vebanus, lake Maggiore. 

Vectis Isle of Wight. 

Vulcanian islands . . . Lipari Islands. 

Zacynthus, island , . . Zante. 
Zingia , . Cape Orfui. 






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